西部地区不同民族青少年校园欺凌与抑郁症状的关联

  目的  了解西部地区汉族、彝族、藏族青少年校园欺凌和抑郁症状的流行现状, 探讨不同欺凌角色、欺凌频率与抑郁症状之间的关联程度, 为青少年校园欺凌防治提供新观点。  方法  采用典型抽样和整群抽样相结合的方法, 于2020年4—11月在四川省苍溪县、甘洛县和西藏自治区拉萨市的6所中小学中招募3 115名中小学生进行自填式问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析校园欺凌与抑郁症状的关系。  结果  881名(28.3%)中小学生在过去6个月中经历过校园欺凌, 892名(28.6%)检出抑郁症状。汉族、彝族、藏族的校园欺凌报告率分别为20.5%, 46.4%和23.8%, 其中被欺凌报告率分别为15.3%, 25.0%和11.8%, 欺凌报告率分别为2.3%, 5.7%和6.7%, 欺凌-被欺凌报告率分别为2.9%, 5.7%和5.4%;抑郁症状检出率分别为20.4%, 37.9%和36.5%。调整年龄、年级、民族、吸烟、饮酒变量后, 被欺凌者(AOR=1.98, 95%CI=1.61~2.45)、欺凌者(AOR=2.63, 95%CI=1.81~3.82)和欺凌-被欺凌者(AOR=3.33, 95%CI=2.44~4.54)的抑郁风险高于无校园欺凌经历者(P值均 < 0.01), 且抑郁风险随着欺凌频率增加而增大。  结论  西部地区彝族和藏族青少年的校园欺凌和抑郁症状均高于汉族, 参与校园欺凌、高欺凌频率与抑郁症状密切相关。干预措施中应加强对各类欺凌角色和少数民族青少年的关注。

Correlation analysis of school bullying and depressive symptoms among multi-ethnic adolescents in western China

  Objective  To understand the prevalence of school bullying and depressive symptoms among the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents in western China, and to explore the relationships between bullying roles, bullying frequency and depression symptoms.  Methods  A combination method of typical sampling and cluster sampling was used to recruit 3 115 participants from six primary and middle schools in Cangxi County and Ganluo County in Sichuan Province, and Lhasa City in Tibet Autonomous Region from April to November 2020. All participants completed self-filled questionnaires. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between school bullying and depression symptoms.  Results  A total of 881 participants (28.3%) had experienced school bullying in the past 6 months, and 892 participants(28.6%) were detected with depressive symptoms. The rates of school bullying in the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents were 20.5%, 46.4% and 23.8%, respectively. Among them, the rates of victims were 15.3%, 25.0% and 11.8%, respectively; the rates of bully were 2.3%, 5.7% and 6.7%, respectively; the rates of bully-victims were 2.9%, 5.7% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents were 20.4%, 37.9% and 36.5%, respectively. After adjusting for age, grade, ethnicity, smoking, and drinking, the odds for depressive symptoms among victims (AOR=1.98, 95%CI=1.61-2.45), bully (AOR=2.63, 95%CI=1.81-3.82), and bully-victims (AOR=3.33, 95%CI=2.44-4.54) were significantly higher than those without school bullying experience(P < 0.01). And the risks increased with the increasing bullying frequency.  Conclusion  School bullying and depressive symptoms of the Yi and the Tibetan adolescents in western China were higher than those of the Han adolescents. Meanwhile, participation in school bullying and the high frequency of bullying were closely related to depressive symptoms. Future interventions should pay attention to various bullying roles and minority adolescents.