安徽省芜湖市2015—2019年血吸虫病疫情监测

目的 分析2015—2019年安徽省芜湖市血吸虫病监测点疫情动态变化,为制订符合当地实际的消除血吸虫病策略提供参考依据。方法 2015—2019年在芜湖市设立国家级和省级血吸虫病监测点,每年对监测点内人畜病情、螺情及野粪污染情况开展监测,对逐年监测结果进行统计分析。结果 2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点累计开展人群血吸虫病血清学检查82 932人次,血检阳性率为1.12%~3.29%,本地居民血检阳性率呈逐年下降趋势（χ²_趋势= 218.218,P<0.01）;血检阳性者均接受了病原学检测,未发现阳性。2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点累计开展流动人群血清学筛查9 534人次,各年血检阳性率为0.54%~4.86%,呈逐年下降趋势（χ²_趋势= 94.286,P<0.01）;所有血检阳性者均接受了病原学检测,仅2015年发现1例阳性。2015—2019年芜湖市血吸虫病监测点逐年查出的有螺面积为438.17~671.27 hm²,平均活螺框出现率为19.48%、活螺平均密度为0.72只/0.1 m²,压碎镜检法和LAMP法检测均未发现感染性钉螺。2015—2019年在芜湖市血吸虫病监测点共捡获野粪907份,未发现血吸虫感染阳性野粪。结论 芜湖市血吸虫病疫情已呈现低度流行态势,但全市血吸虫病传播的流行因素依然存在。要继续强化以传染源控制为主的综合性防治策略,加强家畜传染源管控,提高流动人口血吸虫病监测,不断完善血吸虫病监测预警和响应体系,推进消除血吸虫病进程。

Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Wuhu,Anhui, 2015-2019

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of schistosomiasis in surveillance sites of Wuhu City, Anhui Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for developing the schistosomiasis elimination strategy with adaptation to local circumstances. Methods National and provincial schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2019, and schistosmiasis morbidity in humans and livestock, snail status and wild fecal contaminations were monitored in surveillance sites each year. The surveillance results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 82 932 person-times local residents were serologically screened for schistosomiasis in surveillance sites in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalence was 1.12% to 3.29%, with a tendency towards a decline year by year (χ²_trend= 218.218, P<0.01); however, no egg-positives were detected in sero-positives. A total of 9 534 person-times migrating populations were serologically screened for schistosomiasis in surveillance sites in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2019, and the seroprevalence was 0.54% to 4.86%, with a tendency towards a decline year by year (χ²_trend= 94.286, P< 0.01), while one egg-positive was detected in sero-positives in 2015. The areas of snail habitats fluctuated from 438.17 to 671.27 hm² in schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Wuhu City from 2015 to 2019, with 19.48% mean occurrence of frames with living snails and 0.72 snails/0.1 m² mean density of living snails; however, no infected snails were identified by microscopy or LAMP assay. A total of 907 wild feces were captured from schistosomiasis surveillance sites of Wuhu City from 2015 to 2019; however, no schistosome infections were detected. Conclusion sThe endemic status of schistosomiasis is low in Wuhu City; however, there are still factors leading to schistosomiasis transmission. Intensifying the integrated strategy with an emphasis on infectious source control, enhancing the management of livestock infections, reinforcing schistosomiasis surveillance among migrating populations and improving the surveillance-response system for schistosomiasis are needed to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination.