南通市青少年近视与高能食物摄入频次的关系

  目的  了解南通市青少年近视发生率及其相关因素，分析食物摄入与青少年近视发生的相关关系，为青少年近视防控提供参考。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样，选取南通市13所学校，以班级为单位抽取3 437名学生开展健康监测和问卷调查，收集学生社会人口学特征和饮食相关信息。  结果  青少年近视检出2 522名，近视率73.4%，城区青少年近视检出率(74.1%)高于郊区(72.4%)，且城区的女生近视率(78.2%)高于郊区(73.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，城区青少年高能食物摄入频次与近视呈正相关(OR=1.50，P < 0.01)，在调整年龄、父母近视、参加课外学习班、户外课间活动等因素后，高能食物摄入频次与近视相关性仍有统计学意义(OR=1.29，P=0.03)；郊区青少年高能食物摄入频次与近视呈正相关(OR=1.35，P=0.02)，在调整了年龄、父母近视、户外课间活动等因素后发现，高能食物摄入频次与近视发生相关性无统计学意义(P=0.60)。  结论  南通市青少年近视发生与高能食物摄入频次呈正相关。家长、学校及社会应关注青少年近视及高能饮食模式问题，注意引导青少年合理的饮食习惯，多角度防控青少年近视。

Relationship between myopia and frequency of high energy food intake among adolescents in Nantong

  Objective  To investigate the incidence of juvenile myopia and associated factors in Nantong, to analyze the relationship between food intake and juvenile myopia, so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling myopia of adolescents.  Methods  Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 13 schools in Nantong. A total of 3 437 students were selected for health monitoring and questionnaire survey, and the students' sociodemographic characteristics and diet related information were collected.  Results  The prevalence of myopia was 73.4%(n=2 522). The myopia rate of urban teenagers(74.1%) was higher than that in suburbs(72.4%), and the myopia rate of urban girls (78.2%)was higher than that of suburban girls(73.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of high-energy food intake and myopia among urban adolescents (OR=1.50, P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, e.g. age, parental myopia, participation in extracurricular classes, outdoor inter-class activities, the frequency of high-energy food intake was significantly positively associated with myopia (OR=1.29, P=0.03). Frequency of high-energy food intake was significantly positively correlated with myopia of suburban adolescents (OR=1.35, P=0.02). The association disappeared after adjusting for above-ment ioned covariates (P=0.60).  Conclusion  There are differences in the main risk factors affecting the incidence of myopia between urban and suburban adolescents in Nantong. Parents, schools and the society should pay attention to adolescent myopia and high-energy diet mode, pay attention to guide their reasonable eating habits, and prevent and control adolescent myopia from multiple angles.