植物粗提物杀灭滇重楼根茎线虫的研究

目的：研究黄柏、雷公藤等16种植物粗提液对课题组分离、鉴定和培养的与滇重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var．yunnansensis（Franch．）Hand．-Mazz．根茎腐烂有密切关系的主要害虫小杆线虫Rhabditissp．的毒杀作用。方法：各种植物汁液原液配成10倍、50倍、100倍、500倍的浓度梯度，用浸液法测试杀线效果。结果：药效试验显示16种植物粗提液均有毒杀效果；马缨丹花叶、万寿菊、杜鹃粗提液在72h后，对小杆线虫的致死率分别为71．4％-92．0％、83．7％～91．4％、73．3—89．0％。结论：植物杀线虫物质的成份和活性不仅与提取的植物种类、部位有关，也与植物新鲜度、粉碎度、提取时间、提取温度、提取液浓度及其作用线虫时间等因素也不同程度地影响着植物杀线虫物质的作用。

The Virulence of Various Plant Water Extracts Against Rhabditis sp. from Rot Rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnansensis

Objective： To determine the poison effect of 16 kinds of plants water extracts which include Phellodendron amurense, Tripterygium wilfondii and et al, on main pests Rhabditis sp., which were isolated, identified and cultured from Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnansensis （ Franch. ） Hand. -Mazz. , related to the herb- Paris rhizome rot. Methods： The poison effect were tested with various plant water extract with concentrate 10 times, 50 times and 100 times, 500 times gradient, using the immersion method. Results： Efficacy trials showed 16 kinds of plant crude extract has the poison effect. There was distinctive difference among the nematicidal efficacy of various extracts of plants and parts. The water extracts of Lantana indica, Tagetes erecta, Rhododendron yunnanense had the killing rates of 71.4% -92. 0%, 83.7% -91.4%, 73.3 - 89. 0% respectively in 72 h. Conclusion： Nematicides plant material composition and activity relates to the extraction of plant species and parts, freshness of plant, crushing ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, the concentration of the extract and action time also affects the result of kill nematodes material in different degrees.