中国黄花蒿主产区种质资源评价

目的:评价筛选出优良的黄花蒿种质资源,为我国黄花蒿种质资源数据库和新品种选育提供基础材料。方法:在黄花蒿主产区采集种质资源72份,引种至广西靖西县和广西药用植物园(南宁)种质资源圃,于现蕾期采收叶片和花蕾,采用超声波法提取青蒿素,紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果:多数不同黄花蒿种质之间的叶片产量和青蒿素质量差异显著。黄花蒿的青蒿素含量受环境的影响较大,同一黄花蒿种质种植于不同地点,其青蒿素含量不同。黄花蒿的遗传变异比较大,引种后第2年的黄花蒿青蒿素含量有下降趋势。结论:原产南方的7份种质表现较好,其青蒿素质量分数均高于0.90%,理论产量在2 250 kg.hm^-2以上。黄花蒿的青蒿素含量与其自身遗传特性及生长环境的差异有较大关系。

Evaluation on germplasm resources of main production area of Artemisia annua in China

Objective: To evaluate and select excellent germplasm resources of Artemisia annua L.,providing basic data for data base and breeding of A.annua.Method:Seventy-two germplasms of A.annua,which were collected from main production areas,were planted in germplasm resources garden in Jingxi and Nanning under the same conditions.The samples were gathered in the squaring stage.Artemisinin was extracted by supersonic wave and determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Result: The leaf's yield and the content of artemisinin in the samples of different germplasms were varied significantly.Effect of environment on artemisinin content was more than that of hereditary factors.The content of artemisinin was different when the same material of A.annua grew in different place.The content of artemisinin in next year's plant was decreasing.Conclusions: Seven germplasms from south of China have been selected,their content of artemisinin was above 0.9% and calculated yield was more than 2 250 kg·hm^-2.The content of artemisinin has been affected by hereditary factors and variation of the growth environment.