静脉滴注药物的配伍禁忌研究

为了解临床静脉用药配伍禁忌状况、探讨配伍变化发生机制、改进临床工作,我们以限定检索词检索1994～2006年中国医院知识库(CNKI)中配伍变化的文献报道,统计发生这些变化的药物种类,以期找出配伍禁忌的规律.在696篇配伍变化报道中,有325篇报道了静脉输液的配伍变化,其中66.46%与抗生素有关,31.69%是应用中药注射剂时发生的.主要的配伍变化发生机制是溶液浓度改变、溶解度大小发生变化、pH值改变,以及输液中离子的影响,还与输液管材料和注射剂辅料有关.因此,在临床工作中有必要关注输液时的配伍变化,避开配伍禁忌.如果不清楚两种药物是否有配伍禁忌,应采取有效措施避免发生意外.

Study of incompatible medication intravenously

To understand the incompatible medicines that used intravenously and their possible mecha-nisms and to improve clinical work,we rake on the net of China National Knowledge Infrastructure to retrieve use-ful data.The main terms are limited to less than 10 words such as medicines,drug,compatibility,turbid,dep-ositional and antibiotics etc which are translated from the Chinese characters.Of the 696 incompatible medicines reports among 12 years we find that 325 articles refer to intravenously incompatible fairs mainly belongs to physical changes.Among them the antibiotic solution occupies 66.46% and the traditional Chinese injection 31.69%.The main mechanisms of these changes are regard to solution concentration,solvability and araphoteficity.Others refer to ionic affection,nozzle materials and the added agents to the solution.They are necessary when the solution be made but sometimes may arise unexpected results.We conclude that incompatible intravenous medication may cause psychological affection to the patients.Focus on the intravenous medicines adaptability is very impor-tant.Before injecting for the patients we should pay a great caution to it especially the criminal drugs in the bottles or the nozzles.If a nurse do not know the contraindication she had better consult renewed textbooks,incompatibil-ity tables and academic reports.