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Fabrication of calcium phosphate composite polymer/SLS-stabilized emulsion-based bioactive gels and their application for dentine tubule occlusion
Institution:1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand;2. Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand;4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand;5. Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan;3. Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan;4. Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India;2. Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, New Delhi, 110054, India;3. Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Allied Sciences, Sri Aurobindo Marg, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, 110029, India;4. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India;1. Departments of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;2. Departments of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;3. Departments of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;5. Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Japan, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;1. The Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women''s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;2. Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women''s University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract:ObjectivesCalcium phosphate/SLS/P123 composite bioactive gels were prepared to achieve dentine tubule occlusion.MethodsGels containing calcium phosphate particles were prepared in a water-in-oil microemulsion system with a mixture of triblock copolymer pluronic (P123) as a co-surfactant and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant in cyclohexane. Subsequently, calcium chloride dihydrate and sodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solutions were added in a water phase. Finally, slow evaporation of the oil phase at room temperature was performed to produce a hybrid gel. The obtained gels were investigated for their toxicity by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and applied on human dentine specimens to examine their ability to occlude dentine tubules.ResultsThe size and morphology of the calcium phosphate particles embedded in the gel depended on the concentration of P123 and SLS, which were used as a template for mineral precipitation. The prepared calcium phosphate particles (200–500 nm in diameter) with the maximum polymer and surfactant content exhibited spherical shapes. Further, on reducing their content twice and tenfold yields micro-particles with flower-like shapes. These bioactive gels were able to occlude into dentine tubules after 3 days of application with a plugging rate of 79.22% when using the smallest particles. In addition, calcium phosphate nanorods were transformed into dentine tubules with a maximum depth of 6 μm on increasing the amount of gel.ConclusionsThe bioactive gels were effectively used as bioactive fillers to occlude exposed human dentine tubules.
Keywords:Emulsions  Calcium phosphates  Dentin sensitivity  Gels  HAp"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0035"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"hydroxyapatite  ACPs"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"amorphous phase of calcium phosphates  P123"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"triblock copolymer pluronic  SLS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"sodium lauryl sulfate  SRB"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"sulforhodamine B  RGR"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"relative growth rates
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