孕期吸烟饮酒对仔鼠体格和神经发育的影响

目的:探讨孕期烟酒对子代神经发育的影响和机制。方法:建立烟酒复合因素所致小鼠胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)模型,观察小鼠自然分娩后子代的生长发育状态及神经行为功能,测定其体内抗氧化酶活性。结果:1.与对照组相比,烟酒处理组孕鼠体重增长和仔鼠体重、脏器重均显著降低(P<0.05);2.仔鼠早期反射时间明显延长(P<0.01),运动协调能力和自主活动能力显著降低(P<0.01);3.跳台及Y-迷宫实验中学习及记忆能力均降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);4.仔鼠脑细胞浆和线粒体丙二醛含量显著增高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性皆呈不同程度降低。结论:孕期吸烟饮酒将显著影响子代的体格与神经发育,其机制与降低仔鼠的抗氧化能力和增加氧自由基损伤有关。

EFFECTS OF GESTATIONAL TOBACOO AND ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON STATURE AND NEURAL DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING IN MICE

Objective: To investigate the effect of prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure on stature and neural development of offspring. Methods: Female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke and alcohol drink from D6 of pregnancy to parturition. The early physical development, neurobehavioral and antioxidative functions were measured in offspring mice. Results: Compared with control, offspring subjected to prenatal exposure showed significant reduced body and organ weights as well as reduced gestational body weight gain. It also resulted in remarkable prolonged neonatal reflexes and reduced motive, coordinative and locomotor activities. Step-down and Y-maze tests revealed marked destroyed memory and learning ability. Futhermore, MDA in offspring brain cytosol and mitochondria increased significantly and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and GST were decreased. Conclusion: Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures interfere with the early physical and neural development in mice, probably related to decreased antioxidative functions.