杨浦区水痘疫情特征分析及病例疫苗接种史调查

目的 掌握杨浦区水痘疫情特征,用发病资料评价疫苗流行病学免疫效果.方法 对2003-2005年发病资料进行描述分析,同时对所有病例进行疫苗接种史回顾性调查.结果 3年平均年发病率21.13/10万,暴发疫情中小学生占96.91%;发病时间和地区分布有集中趋势,年龄分布5～14岁组,占66.33%,94.75%病例无疫苗接种史.结论 水痘疫情呈上升趋势,0～4岁幼年组和年龄较大的在校学生均是水痘易感人群,疫情常在中小学校和幼托机构集体性单位频繁发生;病例疫苗接种率低.提高接种率是控制水痘发病的有效手段,当前应扩大疫苗接种年龄范围.

Analysis of varicella epidemic characteristics and investigation of vaccination history of the cases in Yangpu District

Objective To study the characteristics of varicella epidemic in Yangpu district and appraise the epidemiological immunization impact of the vaccine. Methods The data of varicella during 2003-2005 were described and analyzed and a retrospective study of vaccination history of all the cases was conducted. Results The average incidence rate of variceUa in 3 years was 21.13/100 000. The outbreak rate among students of primary and high schools accounted for 96.91%.The distribution of epidemic time and area was centralized. Patients aged 5-14 years accounted for 66.33%, 94.75% of whom had no vaccination history. Conclusions The epidemic situation is on the increase. Susceptible populations of varicella are children aged 0-4 years and the students in schools. The epidemic frequently occurrs in nursery, primary and high schools. Vaccination rate of the cases is very low. So we should enlarge the age range of vaccination to raise the vaccination rate of varicella, which is an effective measure to control the incidence rate of varicella.