大面积接种甲肝减毒活疫苗提高人群免疫水平的研究

目的通过大面积接种甲肝减毒活疫苗提高人群免疫水平,控制甲肝发病率。方法对甲肝易感人群进行逐步免疫覆盖后,观察人群使用甲肝减毒活疫苗前后甲肝抗体水平变化和甲肝发病率的变化。结果1993～1998年5年甲肝减毒活疫苗累计接种率为2163%,其中学龄前儿童和中小学生甲肝减毒活疫苗累计接种率分别为44.13%和73.21%.1998年人群抗HAVIgG阳性率达74.24%,而该年甲肝发病率已下降至15.60/10万。东台肝炎监测点在未使用减毒活疫苗前的1989年抗HAVIgG阳性率仅为40.00%,而1998年同年龄段的抗HAVIgG阳性率达62.25%。结论大规模推广接种甲肝减毒活疫苗后,能大量消除易感人群,提高整个人群的免疫水平。如将此作为常规接种,有目的免疫易感人群,逐步构筑人群的群体免疫屏障,必将有效控制甲肝的流行。

Study on Increasing Crowd Immune Standard by Mass Vaccination of Live Attenuated Hepatitis A Vaccine

ObjectiveTo increase the crow d immune standard and to decrease the morbidity of hepatitis A after a mass vaccination of live attenuated hepatitis Avaccine.MethodsIt was surveyed in the positive rates of anti-HAV IgG and the morbidity of hepatitis A both in front of a mass vaccination and behind that to carry out the immune coverage of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine for the suscept ible crow d of hepatitis A year by year.ResultsThe accumulative inoculation rates of live attenuated hepatit is Avaccine was 21.63% in 5 years from 1993 to 1998,among which they were 44.13% and 73.21% respectively in the preschool children,primary and middle school students.In 1998 the crowd positive rates of anti-HAV IgG was 74.24% and the morbidity of hepatit is A was decreased to 15.60/100 000.In hepatitis inspecting area of Dongtai.The positive rates of the antibodies was only 40.00% in 1989 and it increased to 62.25% in 1998.ConclusionIt could decrease the susceptible greatly and increase the immune standard of whole crowd to carry out a mass vaccination.If routine vaccination of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine for the susceptible crowd was carr ied out,it could build the colony immune defence of hepatitis A step by step and it must effectively control the epidemic of hepatitis A.