糖尿病患者90例饮食治疗知识的知晓程度调查

目的了解清华大学第一附属医院糖尿病患者对饮食治疗知识包含对经典的食物交换份法的知晓程度。方法采用自行设计的糖尿病患者饮食治疗知识调查表,对90例2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查并综合评分。结果对于饮食治疗的重要性、基本原则、益处等知识点掌握良好,随着受教育程度的增加综合评分呈现增高的趋势。98.9%的患者认可饮食和运动在糖尿病综合治疗中的作用,77.8%认可饮食治疗是糖尿病综合治疗的基础,61.1%的患者全部选对了糖尿病饮食治疗基本原则,40.0%的患者全部选对了糖尿病饮食治疗益处。97.8%的患者认可糖尿病患者需要控制一日总热量,但是会计算自己一日总热量的仅占10%;对食物交换份法的知晓率仅为36.7%,对主食与肉类、水果和蔬菜之间能否交换或替代存在许多错误认识。91.1%的患者想要主动获取有关糖尿病治疗的相关知识,有77.8%的患者是通过医师或营养师来学习糖尿病知识的。结论患者对于糖尿病饮食治疗知识中提纲性知识掌握良好,已获得的饮食知识细化程度欠缺,医务人员作为糖尿病患者饮食教育的主力,应根据患者的不同文化层次开展灵活多样的指导方式,注重个体化和细节化,提升糖尿病饮食指导的效果。

Investigation on awareness about diet therapy in 90 patients with diabetes

[Objective]To understand the awareness about diet therapy(including food exchange serving method) among patients with diabetes in the first affiliated hospital of Tsinghua university.[Methods]Using the self-designed questionnaires of knowledge about diet therapy for diabetes patients,90 patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated,and the comprehensive scores were calculated.[Results]The investigated objects knew well about the importance,basic principle and benefits of diet therapy,and the comprehensive scores increased with increasing of education levels.98.9% of patients thought diet and exercises play an important role in comprehensive diabetes treatment.77.8% agreed with diet is the basis of comprehensive diabetes treatment.61.1% got all correct answers of principles of diabetes diet therapy.40% got all correct answers of benefits of diabetes diet therapy.97.8% thought that diabetes patients must control the total daily calorie,but only 10% might calculate the total daily calorie.The awareness rate of food exchange serving method was 36.7%,and there were some misunderstandings on exchange and replacement between meat and grain or between vegetables and fruits.91.1% of patients wanted to actively get more knowledge about diabetes treatment.77.8% learned the knowledge about diabetes from doctors or dietitians.[Conclusion]Patients know well about the basic knowledge of diabetes diet therapy,but they lack the detail of diet knowledge.The medical staffs who are the mainstay of diet education for diabetes patients should carry out the flexible guidance based on the different education levels of patients,pay attention to detail and individuation,so as to improve the effect of diabetes diet therapy.