健康教育与环境治理相结合灭鼠效果的研究

目的探索可以将鼠密度长期控制在较低水平的新方法。方法选择德州市郊区相邻的3个自然村：张庄村、南陈庄、芦庄村作为试验村，习俗、人口、经济条件相当，彼此相距约2．5km。灭效考核用格粉板法（400格者），统计学处理用spss17．0。结果试验村全年的鼠密度保持在在0．5％-1．73％之间，能够长期控制在较低水平；药物投放对照村仅在投药后的短期内将鼠密度控制在较低水平，其他月份则维持在较高水平，7—10月鼠密度分别在6．24％、10．03％、13．21％、13．42％。空白对照村全年鼠密度都超过国家标准3—4倍，7—12月鼠密度分别为11．24％、12．24％、11．02％、12．34％、13．01％、11．45％。统计学分析表明，试验村与药物投放对照村的灭鼠效果有非常显著效果差异（U=18．00，P〈0．001），与空白对照村亦有非常显著的效果差异（U=3．500，P〈0．001），而药物投放对照村与空白对照村的灭鼠效果则无统计学意义（U=42．00。P〉0．05）。结论康教育与环境治理相结合的综合灭鼠措施可以长期有效地将鼠密度控制在国家标准以内。

Deratization effect with the methods of combining health education and environment management

Objective To explore comprehensive rat control measures of health education and environment manage- ment. Methods The study was carried out in three neighboring villages,Zhangzhuang Cun,Nanehen Zhuang and Luzhuang Cun in the outskirts of Dezhou city. The natural and economical situations are similar among these villages. Zhangzhuang Cun was set as experimental village, farmers here were trained with knowledge of health education and environment management for rat control, and 0.05% bromadiolone bait was applied in March and October every year. Luzhuang Cun was set as chemical control village with the application of bait only. Nanchen Zhuang was set as the blank control without any treatment. Plate with lattice powder method （400） was used for the deratization effect effect assessment. Results The rat density could be controlled at a low level（ 0.5% - 1.73% ） in the experimental village. In the chemical control village, the rat density could be controlled in a low level only in a short period after the chemical application, while the other month were maintained at high levels. In the blank control village, annum rat density exceeds the national standard 3 -4 times. From July to December, the rat density were 11.24%, 12.24%, 11.02%, 12.34% , 13.01%, 11.45%. Statistical analysis showed that ,there were very significant differences among the three villages （ x2 = 18. 985, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The comprehensive rat control measures with health ed- ucation and environment management could effectively control the density of rat.