门静脉的体表定位及其临床意义

目的：为超声波检查门静脉或经皮经肝门静脉穿刺提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０例成人尸体标本上观测了门静脉的行程及其分叉位置的体表投影。结果：门静脉肝外段与身体的垂线呈约４０°角；门静脉分叉位置在经右半胸宽中点的垂线与右锁骨中线上肝高中点的水平线的交点附近；门静脉右支分为前、后支的位置在剑突尖平面下方约２ｃｍ，右锁骨中线上肝高的中点附近；门静脉左支分出第１外侧支的位置在剑突尖稍下方的右侧约２ｃｍ。结论：在右腋中线剑突尖平面下方约２ｃｍ经皮经肝穿刺至锁骨中线，导管即可进入门静脉右支内

Surface location of the portal vein and its clinical significance

Objective:To provide anatomic basis for ultrasonic examination and percutaneous transhepatic puncture of the portal vein.Methods:The surface projection of the course and bifurcation of the portal vein was observed on 40 adult cadavers. Results:The prehepatic portal vein has an angle about 40 degree with the vertical line of the body.The location of the portal bifurcation is near the cross point of the vertical line passing through the midpoint of the right hemi thoracic width and the horizontal line passing through the midpoint of the height of the liver on the right mid clavicular line(MCL).Conclusions:The percutaneous transhepatic puncture of portal vein could performed at the cross point of right midaxillary line and the 2 cm under the horizontal plane passing through the tip of xiphoid process.