运用健康信念模式分析影响蒙、汉族婴幼儿母乳喂养的因素

目的比较蒙、汉族婴幼儿母乳喂养状况,探讨健康信念模式在分析母乳喂养影响因素中的作用,为提高母乳喂养率提供建议。方法依据健康信念模式自行设计问卷,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对117名蒙族婴幼儿母亲和218名汉族婴幼儿母亲进行入户访谈式问卷调查,资料收集时间为2004年4月。结果蒙、汉族婴幼儿4个月母乳喂养率分别为79.5%和73.4%,平均开奶时间为54.5小时,平均断母乳时间为15.4个月,蒙、汉族差异无显著性。蒙族母亲较汉族母亲感知到的母乳喂养益处更多,而障碍更少,二者的差异有显著性。运用健康信念模式分析显示,母乳喂养障碍和母亲年龄是影响母乳喂养的主要因素,R2=0.462,母乳喂养障碍越少,母亲越年轻,越有利于母乳喂养。结论母乳喂养障碍为影响母乳喂养的主要可变因素,蒙、汉族婴幼儿母乳喂养水平相当;健康信念模式可以在一定程度上解释和预测母乳喂养行为。

Analysis of breastfeeding among Mongolia and Han children with health belief model

Objective To compare the breastfeeding rate among Mongolia and Han children,and to analyze the factors influencing breastfeeding practice based on health belief model,and so as to address the recommendation on promoting breastfeeding.Methods The questionnaire was designed according to health belief model,and a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 117 Mongolia mothers and 218 Han mothers in April 2004.Results 4 months breastfeeding rate of Mongolia and Han children was 79.5% and 73.4% respectively.In average the children started to intake breast milk in 54.5 hours after birth,and stopped feeding breast milk in 15.4 months.Perceived barriers of breastfeeding and mother's age were the factors influencing breastfeeding practice,R~2=0.462.The less mothers perceived barriers and the younger mothers were,the more the breastfeeding practice was adopted.Conclusion The health belief model could explain and predict breastfeeding practice in some way.