612名小学生近视眼的流行病学调查

目的了解小学生近视眼的发病情况及其相关因素,并提出预防措施。方法对612名2～6年级小学生进行近视眼及其相关因素调查。结果小学生近视眼的发病率为33.82%。不正确学习姿势、父母患近视、日学习时间>8h的小学生的患近视比率分别为158/432、60/145、146/396。常做保健操与不常做保健操的患病率分别为29.53%、38.52%。结论小学生近视眼的发病率高且有逐年级上升趋势。不良用眼习惯、长时间阅读等后天因素是近视眼发病率随年级逐渐增高的重要原因,遗传因素在近视眼的发病中仍占有重要的地位。良好的用药卫生习惯、坚持做眼部保健操是预防近视眼发生的有效措施。

The epidemiological investigation of myopia in junior students

Objective To investigate the myopia occurrence rate and its correlative factors in junior students and give out the prevention measures. Methods The myopia occurrence rate and its correlative factors in 612 junior students were investigated epidemiologically. Results The myopia occurrence rate of junior students was as high as 33.82%. The myopia occurrence rate of incorrect reading position, myope parents, average reading-time per day (>8h) was 158/432, 60/145, 146/396 respectively. The myopia occurrence rate of the students with or without doing hygienic exercises was 29.53%, 38.52% respectively. Conclusions The myopia occurrence rate of junior students is high and has a rising trend. The ill habit of using eyes, the long reading-time and other acquired factors are the main reasons of the rising trend of myopia. The hereditary factor gets the important position in myopia. The prevention measures should be aimed at well using eyes habit and doing hygienic exercises persistently.