线粒体DNA与早期胚胎发育的研究进展

线粒体是胞质中独特的细胞器，为细胞各种代谢提供能量。线粒体具有自己独立的遗传物质——线粒体DNA（mtDNA），是细胞核基因组外的遗传物质。在早期胚胎发育过程中，线粒体会呈现不同的形态及分布，mtDNA的突变及拷贝数变化会对胚胎发育结局产生重要影响。最新研究表明，线粒体DNA突变增多则mtDNA拷贝数增加；囊胚期mtDNA拷贝数多，则胚胎移植成功率高；反之亦然。尽管进行了染色体形态学和遗传学检查，仍有卵母细胞不能成功受精并发育成完好的胚胎；即使胚胎完好，仍有部分胚胎移植失败。因此，从mtDNA角度探讨提高卵母细胞质量的方法对改善辅助生殖技术中移植成功率具有重要意义。

Research Progress of Mitochondrial DNA in Early Embryo Development

Mitochondria, as one of the most important organelles, provides energy for cellualar events. Mitochondria DNAs (mtDNAs) are a set of the genetic materials except for the nuclear genome. The shape and distribution of mitochondria vary with the oocyte maturation and early embryo development. The mutations of mtDNAs and the change of copy number were related to the outcomes of embryonic development. It was found that the growing mtDNA mutations caused the increased copy number of mtDNAs, and that the increased copy number of mtDNAs in blastocyst brought the higher success rate of embryo transfer. It is known that a high proportion of oocytes can not be successfully fertilized or developed to the high-quality embryos despite being chromosomally and morphologically normal. Some embryos with morphological high-quality are fail to be implanted successfully. It is important to increase the efficiency of embryo transfer by improving the oocyte quality from the perspective of mitochondria for the assisted reproductive technology (ART).