广西隆林县鼠疫暴发流行期主要宿主动物和媒介生物种群特征调查

目的　研究广西隆林县 2 0 0 0年鼠疫暴发流行期家鼠、蚤类的种群特征与鼠疫疫情发生流行的关系。方法在鼠疫暴发流行期间对疫区及周围地区采用笼捕法进行鼠密度调查 ,捕获的家鼠进行种类鉴定并采集鼠体蚤类 ,计算鼠密度及鼠体蚤指数 ;采用粘蚤纸法粘捕室内游离蚤 ,计算游离蚤指数。结果　鼠疫暴发流行期共调查 2 3个村屯捕获鼠类动物 2 0 4只 ,隶属 1科 2属 5种 ;捡获蚤类 3 15匹 ,隶属 2科 4属 4种。疫点的黄胸鼠密度为 1.3 3 % ,明显低于非疫点的 15 .40 %和 2 0 .2 5 % ;黄胸鼠鼠体的印鼠客蚤指数、地面游离印鼠客蚤指数分别为 3 .14和 0 .0 3 3 ,明显高于非疫点村屯。结论　鼠疫流行期鼠蚤的种群特征可直接显示出疫区范围、流行强度及发展趋势。引起本次流行的主要宿主动物是黄胸鼠 ,主要传播媒介为印鼠客蚤 ;疫点与非疫点的小家鼠密度无明显差异 ,且鼠体染蚤率极低 ,不是引起本次疫情的主要宿主动物。

Investigation of Species of the Major host amimals and the major Vectors during Outbreak of Plague in Longlin County,Guangxi

Objective To investigate the relationship between house mouse and flea population features and epidemic situation of plague in Longlin county, Guangxi in the year of 2000. Methods We investigated mouse density by cage-catch in epidemic area and the surroundings during the outbreak of plague, identified species,counted mouse density and flea index, caught dissociated flea indoor by flea sticky paper and counted the index. Results 204 rodents were caught in 23 villages during epidemic outbreak of plague and belonged to 5 species, 2 genera, 1 family. 315 fleas were caught and belonged to 4 species, 4 genera, 2 family. Density of Rattus rattoides in epidemic area was 1.33%, much lower remarkably than 15.4% and 20.25% in non-epidemic area. The Rattus sladeni index and surface dissociated index were 3.14 and 0.033 respectively, much higher than that in non-epidemic area. Conclusion Flea population features indicated directly epidemic area, intensity and developing trend during epidemic period. The major host animals of this epidemic were Rattus rattoides and the major vectors were Rattus sladeni. Mus musculus Linnaenus is not the major host animal causing the epidemic outbreak because there was no obvious difference between Mus musculus Linnaenus density in epidemic and non-epidemic area, and flea infected rate from mouse is rather low.