过敏原检测对指导哮喘儿童家庭管理效果的研究

目的 调查哮喘儿童过敏原，进行家庭管理指导，提高哮喘儿童生活质量。方法 皮肤点刺检测哮喘儿童过敏原。对过敏原阳性的患儿设计家庭管理指导方案并监督实施，并对接受家庭管理及不接受家庭管理指导的2组患儿进行为期1年的对比研究。结果 104例哮喘儿童共有78例过敏原点刺呈阳性反应，阳性率为75．0％。其中粉尘螨58例占55．7％，屋尘螨49例占47．1％，为主要过敏原。过敏原呈阳性的哮喘儿童1年随访对比研究结果，接受家庭管理的52例哮喘儿童急诊14例，住院6例，因病缺课12例，经济损失平均每人每年1840．5元。不接受家庭管理的26例哮喘儿童急诊15例，住院10例，因病缺课14例，经济损失平均每人每年3267．3元。2组比较差异显著。结论 过敏原阳性的哮喘儿童，接受针对性的家庭管理指导，可使哮喘儿童儿生活质量明显改善。

Study of the role of allergen detection in the direction of family management for children with ashma

Objective To investigate the allergen of asthma in children in order to instruct family management and improve the quality of life of children with asthma. Methods Skin prick was used to detect the allergen of asthma in children. Family management program was designed for patients with positive results and implemented under supervision. Controlled study of patients adopting family management program and patients without this program was performed for I year. Results 78 cases of 104 children （75.0%） with asthma were positive for allergen. Among 78 cases, 58 cases were positive for dermatophagoides culinae, and 49 cases were positive for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, which were two main allergens. The one-year follow-up research results showed： 14 cases once suffered emergency treatment, 6 needed hospitalization, 12 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 1840.5 yuan per patient per year among 52 patients who received family management program.While in 26 patients who did not adopt family management program, 15 cases once suffered emergency treatment, 10 needed hospitalization, 14 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 3267.3 yuan per patient per year. The difference was significant. Conclusions Family management guide can improve the quality of life in asthma children positive for allergen.