核定位信号的研究进展

核定位信号(nuclear localization signal，NLS)是一种存在于细胞内许多蛋白质中、并介导蛋白质由细胞质向细胞核内转运的氨基酸序列。此氨基酸序列具有多样性，其作用机制也各有不同。它的核输入(nudear impat)作用受多种因素的调节。目前，核定位信号已被应用于功能研究及疾病的治疗等方面。

Advances in research on nuclear localization signal

Nuclear protein import, which occurs through the nuclear pore complex, requires energy and soluble factors, and is mediated by the nuclear localization signal (NLS). A characteristic feature of the NLS is that it is a basic amino acid cluster in the primary amino acid sequence of the karyophilic proteins. The mechanism of nuclear import mediated by NLS is different from each other in different proteins. The presence of an NLS on a protein is not always sufficient to direct its nuclear import. Generally, it responses to external stimuli, cell_cycle progression and developmental cues and is regulated by phosphorylation, inhibitor and cytoplasmic_anchoring. At present, NLS has been applied to function research and disease treatment.