掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的比较掌背侧不同手术入路内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法2000年6月-2006年12月，收治桡骨远端骨折患者61例，男27例，女34例；年龄22～70岁，平均55．5岁。交通伤18例，跌伤43例。均为新鲜闭合骨折。术前均摄腕关节正、侧位X线片，30例行CT检查。按AO分型，B1型25例，B2型18例，B3型7例，C1型7例，C2型4例。随机分为两组，分别经腕掌侧（A组，n=34）及背侧（B组，n=27）入路切开行钢板内固定术。术前测量掌倾角和尺偏角，A组分别为（-145．0±53．0）^o和（8．6±3．1）^o，B组分别为（-40．0±30．0）^o和（7．3±5．6）^o。术前A、B组桡骨短缩分别为（12．0±5．3）mm和（10．3±4．2）mm；关节面台阶A组为（4．3±2．2）min，B组为（4．1±3．3）min。结果61例患者均获随访，随访时间6～27个月，平均16个月。骨折均愈合，A组愈合时间为（8．2±1．6）周，B组为（8．1±1．2）周，比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腕关节功能采用Cartland-Werley评分，术后8周A组优7例，良10例，差17例，优良率为50．0％；B组优7例，良11例，差9例，优良率为66．7％；两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；术后24周，A组优21例，良9例，差4例，优良率为88．2％；B组优18例，良5例，差4例，优良率为85．2％；两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）.放射学评估采用Sarmiento评分，术后测量掌倾角和尺偏角，A组分别为（9．5±3．1）^o和（18．0±8．2）^o,B组分别为（11．0±4．7）。和（16．0±7．6）^o术后两组均未见桡骨短缩；关节面台阶两组均〈1mm；所有指标A、B两组比较差异均无统计学意义（±〉0．05）；与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。两组术后并发症比较，术后早期并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），术后远期并发症差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论掌背侧不同手术入路可为桡骨远端不稳定骨折提供有效复位及早期功能锻炼。掌侧入路钢板内固定术后早期腕关节旋前功能受影响，且远期并发症较多。

COMPARISON BETWEEN VOLAR AND DORSAL PLATE POSITIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE FRACTURE OF DISTAL RADIUS

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences between volar and dorsal plate positions in the treatment of unstable fracture of distal radius. METHODS: From June 2000 to December 2006, 61 cases with fracture of distal radius were treated, 27 males and 34 females aged 22-70 years (55.5 years on average), among which 18 cases were caused by traffic accidents and 43 cases falls. All cases were fresh closed fractures. All patients had AP and lateral X-ray films of the wrist preoperatively and 30 cases experienced CT scan. According to AO, there were 25 cases for B1, 18 for B2, 7 for B3, 7 for C1, and 4 for C2. All the cases were randomized into 2 groups: the wrist palmar group (group A, n=34) and dorsal group (group B, n=27), to perform volar and dorsal plate fixation, respectively. As to the measurement of fortune for the preoperative ruler and inclination angle, group A were (-45.0 +/- 53.0)degrees and (8.6 +/- 3.1)degrees, respectively, and group B were (-40.0 +/- 30.0)degrees and (7.3 +/- 5.6)degrees, respectively. Preoperative radial shortened (12.0 +/- 5.3) mm in group A, and (10.3 +/- 4.2) mm in group B. Joint surface level was (4.3 +/- 2.2) mm in group A, and (4.1 +/- 3.3) mm in group B. RESULTS: All of the 61 cases were followed up for 6-27 months (16 months on average). All the fractures were healed, the time to healing in group A was (8.2 +/- 1.6) weeks, and in group B was (8.1 +/- 1.2) weeks, and the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). As for the wrist function by Cartland-Werley scoring at the 8th week after operation, 7 cases were excellent, 10 good, and 17 poor in group A with the choiceness rate of 50.0%, while 7 cases were excellent, 11 good and 9 poor in group B with the choiceness rate of 66.7%. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). And at the 24th week after operation, 21 cases were excellent, 9 good, and 4 poor in group A with the choiceness rate of 88.2%, while 18 cases were excellent, 5 good, and 4 poor in group B with the choiceness rate of 85.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). As for radiological assessment by Sarmiento, device and palm inclination angles in group A were (9.5 +/- 3.1)degrees and (18.0 +/- 8.2)degrees, respectively, and in group B were (11.0 +/- 4.7)degrees and (16.0 +/- 7.6)degrees, respectively. No radial shortening was found either in group A or in group B, and joint surface level in both groups were less than 1 mm. There was no significant difference between group A and group B in terms of all indicators postoperatively (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference when compared with preoperation (P < 0.001). With regard to comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in early postoperative complications, but there was in long-term complications (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The volar and dorsal plate positions may offer effective stability for unstable distal radial fracture and early functional exercise. The volar plate position may influence the pronation function of the wrist joint in the short run, while the dorsal plate position may cause more complications in the long run.