人类芥子气中毒的长期效应

芥子气是双功能烃化剂,中毒后可遗留长期效应。两伊战争中伊朗芥子气中毒人群成为芥子气长期效应研究的热点。对这些伊朗患者芥子气中毒后数年的研究表明,他们都有不同程度迟发性并发症产生,以眼、皮肤和呼吸系统为主,表现为皮肤的干燥、瘙痒和色素过度沉着,眼睛的结膜炎、角膜溃疡和视力障碍,呼吸系统的慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张和肺纤维化。此外,芥子气中毒的长期效应还与肿瘤的发生、生殖毒性、血液系统、免疫系统的影响和神经精神方面症状有关。

Long-term toxic effects of mustard gas on human beings

Mustard gas（HD）,which has two chloroethyl groups,is one of the bifunctional alkylating agents and can cause long-term toxic effects among human beings.A cohort study focused on Iranian veterans exposed to HD during the Iran-Iraq conflict showed delayed complications in different organs years after HD poisoning.Main involved organs were eyes（manifested as conjunctivitis,ulcerative keratopathy and failing vision）,skin（as dry skin,itching and hyperpigmentation） and the respiratory tract（as chronic bronchitis,bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis）.In addition,long-term toxic effects of HD were related to carcinogenicity,genotoxicity,impairment of the immune system and neuropsychiatric complications.