北京市城乡部分社区6种常见老年病流行病学调查

背景随着社会的发展,人均寿命延长,社会的老龄化问题日趋加剧.老年人的健康状况和生活质量备受关注.目的了解影响老年人生存质量的几种常见老年病的现状和分布特点.设计随机整群抽样,横断面调查.单位卫生部北京医院老年医学研究所.对象选择1997-05/10北京市东城区建国门街道办事处10个居委会和北京近效顺义县向阳、河南2个村民委员会的8个自然村≥60岁的常住老年人1 558人,纳入结果分析1 434人,应答率92%.城市男319人,女498人;乡村男242人,女375人.方法对所有老年人进行问卷调查和体检.主要观察指标观察所有老年人的前列腺增生、听力异常、白内障、骨关节病、骨折情况和老年人便秘的情况.结果共1 434名老年人纳入结果分析.①前列腺增生患病率情况城市男性比乡村男性低(61.4%,65.7%,P＜0.01).②听力异常患病率情况城市比乡村低(53.9%,64.7%,P＜0.01).③双眼白内障患病率情况城市比乡村高(46.4%,44.4%,P＜0.01).④骨关节病患病率情况城市比乡村高(24.4%,14.9%,P＜0.01).⑤骨折的患病率情况城市比乡村高(14.2%,9.1%,P＜0.05).⑥老年人便秘的患病率情况城市比乡村低(18.2%,23.0%,P＜0.05).结论北京城乡老年人存在前列腺增生、听力异常、白内障、骨关节病、骨折和便秘的差异,主要与老年人经济、营养、医疗条件和文化素质等因素有关.因此应加强老年人的营养及保健知识教育及常见病的防治工作.

Epidemiological investigation on 6 common diseases among the elderly in some urban and rural areas in Beijing

BACKGROUND: With social development, the average life span is prolonged. The issue of aging has increasingly attracted people's attention. It is necessary to promote the health status and the guality of life of the elderly..OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and distribution features of several common diseases which influence the quality of life of elderly.DESIGN: Random cluster sampling methods and a cross-section survey.SETTING: Beijing Institute of Geriatrics of Beijing Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 1 558 old people aged ≥60 years living in 10 communities affiliated to Jianguomen district office of the Eastern District of Beijing City, and 8 villages affiliated to Xiangyang and Henan Villagers' Commissions of Shunyi County of Beijing from May 1997 and October 1997 were recruited. In fact, 1 434 persons responded, with a response rate being 92％, 319 males and 498 females came from the city;242 males and 375 females came from the villages.METHODS: Questionnaires were filled up, and physical examinations were conducted in all the elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 6 common diseases were observed among the elderly: Hyperplasia of prostate, abnormal audition, cartaract ,osteoarthritis, fracture and constipation.RESULTS: Totally 1434 elderly entered the stage of result analysis. ①The incidence of hyperplasia of prostate in the males from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (61.4％,65.7％, P ＜ 0.01 ). ② The incidence of abnormal audition among the elderly from the urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas (53.9％,64.7％,P ＜ 0.01). ③ The incidence of cataract of the two eyes in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas(46.4％,44.4％, P ＜ 0.01). ④ The incidence of osteoarthropathy in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (24.4％,14.9, P ＜ 0.01). ⑤ The incidence of fracture in the elderly from the urban areas was higher than that in the rural areas (14.2％,9.1％, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥ The incidence of constipation of the elderly in urban areas was lower than that in the rural areas(18.2％,23.0％,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is a difference between the elderly from the urban areas and the rural areas in hyperplasis of prostate, abnormal audition, cataract, osteoarthropathy, fracture and constipation, and this is related with the economy, nutrition, medical conditions and cultural traits.Therefore, attention should be attached to nutrition and health knowledge of the elderly and prevention and treatment of common diseases among the elderly people.