A rare case of Lactobacillus acidophilus presenting as mitral valve bacterial endocarditis

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gram-positive rod that is a commensal of human mucosal tissues. They are usually considered nonpathogenic flora of the mouth, gut, and female genital tract. Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with less than 50 cases reported in the world literature to date. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman who developed native mitral valve endocarditis secondary to L. acidophilus, and examine the literature regarding this rare entity.