医院内外呼吸道感染病人痰培养耐药情况分析

为了解院内外呼吸道感染病人痰细菌培养病原菌耐药情况，对1997年1 月－1999年12月痰细菌培养阳性病人1674例进行回顾性分析。结果：检出致病菌1695株，其中院内感染352株，占20．77％。药敏试验显示：院内感染病原菌耐药率明显高于院外感染（P＜0．01），其中金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢类、喹诺酮类耐药率也高于院外感染病人。院内外感染的革兰氏阴性杆菌对氯苄青霉素的耐药率高达90％。大肠埃希氏菌对头孢唑啉、复达欣、丁胺卡那的耐药率高于院外感染。提示：院内与院外病原菌耐药性菌株不同，临床医生应根据药敏试验正确选用抗生素，从而降低因不合理用药所致的内源性医院感染率。

Analysis on Drug Resistance From Sputum Culture in Patients With Respiratory Tract Infection in and Outside of Hospital

To understand drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from sputum culture in respiratory tract infection patients both in and outside of hospital, 1 674 cases were retrospectively investigated. They had positive results of sputum culture from January 1997 to December 1999. Results showed that 1 695 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected. Among which, 352 strains were infection in hospital, accounted for 20.77%. Drug sensitive test showed that drug resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria infection in hospital was overtly higher than that infection outside of hospital (P<0.01). Patients got infection in hospital, their drug resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus from sputum culture resistant to both cephalosporins and quinovic ketone was higher than patients got infection outside hospital. And the drug resistance rate of Gram-negative bacilli to Ampicillin both in and outside hospital accounted to 90%. Therefore, doctors should correctly chose antibiotics, and lower down the endogenous hospital infection rate caused by unreasonable administration of drugs.