大动脉粥样硬化性首发急性缺血性卒中的危险因素与分布特点

目的回顾性分析大动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(large artery atherosclerotic stenosis,LAAs)致首发急性缺血性卒中患者受累血管与相关危险因素的关系。方法收集2009年1月至2014年12月住院的责任LAAs致首发急性缺血性卒中342例患者的临床与影像学相关资料,进行组内比较和多因素logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,ICAS)以大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)多见(47.0%),颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,ECAS)以颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)颅外段多见(65.0%)。与ECAS组相比,ICAS组脑梗死与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,Met S)(OR=1.586,95%CI:1.232~2.268)及载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,Apo B)/载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A-I,Apo A-I)(OR=1.926,95%CI:1.051~4.288)显著相关,与无脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(noncerebral atherosclerotic stenosis,NCAS)组相比,ICAS组与高血压(OR=3.603,95%CI:1.675~12.485)、Met S(OR=2.268,95%CI:1.274~6.103)、高糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)(OR=2.015,95%CI:1.182~5.613)及Apo B/Apo A I(OR=1.948,95%CI:1.157~4.285)相关。在ICAS患者中,与前循环动脉粥样硬化性狭窄脑梗死组相比,后循环动脉粥样硬化性狭窄致脑梗死组的独立危险因素包括高血压(OR=1,750,95%CI:1.042~2,953,P=0.009)、高血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)(OR=2.437,95%CI:1.492~3.505,P=0.005)及高Hb A1c(OR=1.769,95%CI:1.034~3.121,P=0.005)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者ICAS的发生率可能高于ECAS,ICAS脑梗死的危险因素不同于NCAS及ECAS;后循环ICAS脑梗死的发生与代谢指标紊乱密切相关。

Analysis of risk factors and distribution characteristics in first-ever acute ischemic stroke with large ar-tery atherosclerotic stenosis

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively collected 342 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Clinical data was collected including demographics, the presence of risk factors,MRI with MRA and other routine admis?sion laboratory tests. Results Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) was located most frequently in MCA (47.0%), Extracranial internal carotid artery was the most common affected artery (65.0%) among extracranial atherosclerotic steno? sis (ECAS). MetS (OR=1.586,95%CI:1.232~2.268), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (OR=1.926,95%CI:1.051~4.288), were as?sociated with ICAS (vs ECAS), whereas hypertension (OR=3.603,95%CI:1.675~12.485), MetS (OR=2.268,95%CI:1.274~6.103), HbA1c (OR=2.015,95%CI:1.182~5.613) and ApoB/ ApoA I ratio (OR=1.948,95%CI:1.157~4.285) were related to ICAS (vs NCAS). Hypertension (OR=2.437,95%CI:1.492~3.505,P=0.005), Hcy (OR=2.437,95%CI:1.492~3.505,P=0.005) and HbA1c (OR=1.769,95%CI:1.034~3.121, P=0.005) were the independent risk factors re?lated to posterior circulation strokes (vs anterior circulation strokes ) in ICAS strokes. Conclusions The occurrence of ICAS may be more frequent than that of ECAS in ischemic stroke. Posterior circulation ICAS strokes seems to be close?ly associated with metabolic derangement.