甲醛对雄性Wistar大鼠生殖毒性的影响研究

目的:探索不同剂量的甲醛对雄性大鼠精子畸形率、骨髓微核率、血清睾酮水平以及睾丸组织的影响。方法:选择性成熟Wistar大鼠40只随机分成5组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组（阴性对照组）和高、中、低剂量甲醛染毒组（20 mg·kg-1·d-1、2 mg·kg-1·d-1、0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1）及50 mg·kg-1·d-1环磷酰胺组（阳性对照组）。通过腹腔注射染毒1周，测定血清睾酮水平，染毒结束后2 d摘眼球采血，颈椎脱臼法处死大鼠，统计精子畸形率和骨髓微核率，对大鼠睾丸做石蜡组织切片，观察睾丸组织损伤情况。结果:精子畸形率:与阴性对照组比较，中、低剂量染毒组精子畸形率上升（P<0.05），高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组精子畸形率上升更明显（P<0.01）；骨髓微核率:与阴性对照组比较，中、低剂量染毒组骨髓微核率上升不明显（P>0.05），高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组上升明显（P<0.01）；血清睾酮水平:与阴性对照组比较，高、中、低剂量染毒组和阳性对照组血清睾酮水平均明显降低（P<0.01）。睾丸石蜡切片显示高剂量染毒组组织损伤严重。结论:甲醛可以引起雄性大鼠精子畸形，增加骨髓微核率，降低血清睾酮水平，对雄性大鼠具有一定的生殖及遗传毒性。

Effect of formaldehyde on the reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats

Objective:To explore the effects of different doses of formaldehyde on the teratosperm rate,bone marrow micronucleus rate,level of serum testosterone and testicular tissue in male Wistar rats.Methods:Forty sexual maturity male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the negative control group (treated with normal saline),low-dose formaldehyde poisoning group (treated with 0.2 mg · kg-1· d-1),mid-dose formaldehyde poisoning group (treated with 2 mg · kg-1 · d-1),high-dose formaldehyde poisoning group (treated with 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1),and positive control group (treated with 50 mg · kg-1 · d-1 cyclophosphamide).The levels of serum testosterone in rats were measured after 1 week of intraperitoneal injection.After 2 days of poisoning,the eyeball was removed,the blood sample was collected,and all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation method.The teratosperm rate and micronucleus rate in all rats were analyzed.The testicle morphology and histopathology were analyzed by paraffin embedded section.Results:Compared with the negative control group,the teratosperm rate in low-and mid-dose formaldehyde poisoning groups increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the increasing degree of which in high-dose formaldehyde poisoning group and positive control group was more obvious (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the negative control group,the increasing degree of micronucleus rate in low-and mid-dose formaldehyde poisoning groups was not obvious(P ＞0.05),and the increasing degree of which in high-dose formaldehyde poisoning group and positive control group was more obvious(P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the negative control group,the levels of serum testosterone in low-and mid-dose formaldehyde poisoning groups decreased(P ＜ 0.01),and the decreasing degree of which in high-dose formaldehyde poisoning group and positive control group was more obvious(P ＜ 0.01).The paraffin embedded testicle section showed the tissue injury in high-dose formaldehyde poisoning group was severe.Conclusions:The formaldehyde can lead to the sperm malformation,increase the bone marrow micronucleus rate,and decrease the levels of serum testosterone in male Wistar rats.The formaldehyde has certain reproductive and genetic toxicity of in male Wistar rats.