两种类型原发性醛固酮增多症的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(PHA)中醛固酮腺瘤(APA)和单侧肾上腺增生(UNAH)2种亚型的临床特点、手术效果及影响术后血压恢复的因素. 方法 2002-2009年资料完整的手术治疗PHA患者135例.男68例,女67例.平均年龄51(26～79)岁.其中APA 83例,UNAH 52例.135例均符合PHA诊断标准,术前均有高血压症状,术前均行血液激素、生化检查及CT等影像学检查,并经病理和随访证实.135例均行保留肾上腺手术(ASS).Logistic回归分析各项临床病理因素对术后血压的影响. 结果 135例手术均成功.术后平均随访2.5(1～7)年.与术前比较,术后收缩压及舒张压显著降低,降压药物使用量明显减少,血醛固酮、肾素活性、血钾指标明显改善.血压恢复正常51例(37.8%);术后血压仍高84例(62.2%),其中58例降压药物使用剂量减少.年龄＞49.5岁、高血压病程＞6.5年、有高血压家族史者术后持续高血压的风险增加.结论 APA和UNAH患者表现相似,手术效果好,ASS手术可作为首选治疗方案.年龄、高血压病程、高血压病家族史是影响术后血压变化的重要因素.

Surgical treatment of two different pathological type primary aldosteronisms

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment effect and prognostic factors of post-operative hypertension in the 2 subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PHA),aldosterone adenoma (APA) and unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UNAH). Methods In the collection of surgical treatment of PHA from 2002-2009, 135 cases, 68 males and 67 females, with age of 26-79 years (mean, 51 years) were analyzed. Of them, there were 83 APA patients, 52 UNAH cases. All the cases with PHA were with hypertension symptoms and met the preoperative diagnosis criteria. All the patients were performed preoperatively blood biochemical and hormonal tests and CT scans. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. All cases undergone adrenal reserved surgery (ASS) and followed-up. According to the postoperative recovery of blood pressure was normal or still in hypertension, Logistic regression analysis and comparison between the 2 groups were carried out,the clinical data of various factors in predicting the role of postoperative blood pressure were considered. Results One hundred and thirty-five patients were operated successfully. The mean follow up was 2. 5± 1.6 years (1-7 years). There were significant decreases in both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at final follow up compared with those before surgery. Antihypertensive requirement was decreased at final follow-up. Serum aldosterone levels, plasma renin activity and potassium levels were improved significantly. Overall, blood pressure returned to normal in 51 cases(37.8%). Other 84 cases (62.2%) continued with high blood pressure, of whom 58 cases reduced antihypertensive drug use. Patient's age over 49.5 years, hypertension duration over 6. 5 years, family history of hypertension were higher risks of postoperative continuous high blood pressure. Conclusions APA and UNAH are 2 types of PHA with similar performance of patients, surgical treatment effect. ASS can be used in the treatment of these 2 types of disease. Age, hypertension duration, family history of hypertension are independent factors predicting sustained hypertension after surgery.