辐射致小鼠鼻粘膜损伤的病理学研究

目的 观察放疗致小鼠鼻粘膜组织结构的急性损伤病理形态学变化。方法 162只小鼠随机分为实验组(144只)和对照组(18只),实验组又随机分为三大组,每组48只,选用WDVE-6MeV直线加速器,分别给予4Gy、6Gy和8Gy剂量一次性照射建立动物模型,分别于照射后3h、12h、24h、3d、7d、14d、21d和28d断头活杀小鼠,每次6只,以鼻腔暴露法取鼻腔粘膜分别行HE染色和制成电镜标本动态观察并记录其病理形态学改变。结果 (1)光镜观察：放疗后早期鼻粘膜组织充血、水肿、炎症细胞浸润,杯状细胞分泌增强,纤毛倒伏、排列不规整,基底层细胞增生,严重者基底层下组织出现大片坏死,固有层内血管内皮细胞肿胀,两周时见部分鼻腔被覆上皮坏死脱落,部分区域可残留不同层次上皮组织,三周时见纤毛细胞脱落和数量减少、纤毛变短、畸形、缺失,杯状细胞减少,固有层内见纤维母细胞增多、大量胶原纤维增生,四周时粘膜上皮开始修复,但部分区域上皮出现鳞状上皮化生趋势,上皮层内疏松上皮细胞之间可见淋巴细胞等浸润,粘膜下层腺体萎缩,结构被破坏或细胞变性,小血管壁增厚等。(2)透射电镜观察：杯状细胞内粘原颗粒增多,残留的上皮关系疏松,亚微结构不清,上皮细胞内和细胞间可见空泡形成,细胞质内容物减少,核固缩,表层纤毛变短、畸形或缺失,形态排列紊乱或被微绒毛所取代。结论 (1)4Gy、6Gy和8Gy剂量一次性照射均能很好地建立小鼠鼻粘膜急性损伤的动物模型。(2)辐射可致鼻粘膜组织细胞结构及超微结构的损伤。

Investigation on the injury of mouse nasal mucosa tissues structure through irradiation

Objective:To observe the acute injury of mouse nasal mucosa tissues structure through irradiation.Method:162 small mice were divided into the experiment group(144)and the control group(18)at random.The experiment group was divided into three groups at random again,48 per group,chooes to use the WDVE 6 MeV linear accelerator,and give respectively 4Gy,6Gy,and 8Gy a time through X ray irradiation to establish the animal model.At 3,12,24 h,3,7,14,22 and 28 d after X ray irradiation mice were sacrificed by killing their heads,6 mice every time,and their nasal mucosa were removed.All specimen were observed kinetically and recorded the pathomorphologic transforms.Result:(1)the light microscope observation:in earlier period after X ray irradiation,nasal mucosa tissues congest,dropsy,inflammation cells infiltrating,cup cells secrete to strengthen,cilia lodging arrange irregular,basal layer cells proliferating,tissues under the basal layer appear to necrosis in severity,blood vessel endothelial cells swelling in the lamina propria.After two weeks,parts of nasal covering epithelium necrosis to shed off,and some areas remain different stratification of epithelial tissues.After three weeks,ciliated cells decrease and shed off,cilia change to shorten,deform,deletion,and cup cells also decrease,while fibroblasts increase and collagen fibers hyperplasia in the lamina propria.After four weeks,parts of eppithelium appear to the tendency to squamous metaplasia,cells such as lymphocyte etc infiltrate in the epithelial lining,under the epithelial appear lining gland atrophy,structure was destructed,cells degenerating,small vessels dissepiment thickening,and so on.(2)The transmission electron microscope observation:proglue granules increase in the cup cells,remain epithelia change to rarefaction,microstructure are damaged,vacuolation in the epithelia cells,the component of cytoplasm decrease,karyopyknosis,surface layer cilia change to shorten,deform,deletion,irregular arrangement or substitution by microvillus.Conclusion:(1)to give respectively 4Gy,6Gy,and 8Gy a time through X ray irradiation to establish the animal model is a good method.(2)nasal mucosa tissues structure and ultrastructure are damaged throught X ray irradiation.