管周毛细血管损伤在肾移植中作用的研究进展

肾脏是一个高度血管化的器官，管周毛细血管网络是其微血管系统中关键组成部分。管周毛细血管作为肾小管及肾间质的主要供应血管，参与肾小管的能量代谢、物质分泌和重吸收等重要生理过程。近年来研究发现，肾移植过程中的缺血-再灌注损伤、排斥反应以及肾脏纤维化过程均会引起管周毛细血管结构完整性破坏、数量减少，并加重移植肾间质纤维化，严重影响肾功能的长期稳定。因此，本文对管周毛细血管的结构与功能，管周毛细血管与缺血-再灌注损伤、排斥反应以及移植肾纤维化进行综述，聚焦肾移植期间管周毛细血管的损伤机制和特异性改变，为防治肾移植围手术期并发症，改善移植物的长期预后提供参考。

Progress in the role of peritubular capillary injury in kidney transplantation

Kidney is a highly vascularized organ and peritubular capillary network constitutes the critical component of its microvascular system. Peritubular capillaries, as the main vessels for blood supply in renal tubules and renal interstitium, involve in important physiological processes in renal tubules such as energy metabolism, substance secretion and reabsorption. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection and renal fibrosis during kidney transplantation would result in compromised structural integrity and decreased number in peritubular capillaries, thus leading to interstitial fibrosis in renal allograft, which would seriously affect the long-term stability of renal function in the renal allograft. Therefore, we reviewed the structure and function of peritubular capillary, peritubular capillary and ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection and renal allograft fibrosis, focusing on the mechanism for peritubular capillary injury in kidney transplantation and the specific changes manifested, with the aim of providing a reference for preventing and treating perioperative complications in kidney transplantation and improving the long-term prognosis of grafts.