护士职业获益感及其对职业倦怠影响的研究

目的：探讨护士职业获益感的现状及其对职业倦怠的影响，为减轻护士职业倦怠、提高护士职业健康水平提供参考与建议。方法：运用自行设计的护士职业获益感量表及Maslach倦怠量表调查298名护士的职业获益感及其职业倦怠状况，并进行二者相关性分析与多元回归分析。结果：护士职业获益感呈中等水平；职业倦怠3个维度的倦怠程度均高于常模，差异均有统计学意义。职业获益感与其职业倦怠的情感衰竭、去人格化维度得分呈负相关，与个人成就感得分呈正相关。各因素中，工作稳定收入有保障、方便照护家人、终身拥有优质医疗资源、拥有弹性的工作时间等是影响护士情感衰竭、去人格化的主要因素；而拥有学习晋升的机会、工作稳定收入有保障、工作有成就感及价值、职业发展前景好则对个人成就感有影响。结论：增强护士职业获益感有助于减轻其职业倦怠程度。护理管理者应加强对护士职业认知评价干预，深入挖掘护士职业获益的丰富内涵，引导护理人员切实感受职业获益，以增进其与职业的情感，以积极平和的心态应对工作中的各种压力和职业倦怠。

Perceptions of beneifts and its effects on job burnout in nurses

Objective： To explore the relationship between nurses＆#39; perception of beneift and job burnout. Methods： A self-designed Nurse Career Benefit Questionnaire （NCBQ） and Maslach Burnout Inventory （MBI） were used to investigate 298 nurses＇ perception of benefit and the job burnout situation. Results： Nurses＇ perception of benefit was at the medium level, three dimensions of burnout were all higher than norm, the differences were statistically signiifcant. The sense of beneift was negatively correlated with emotion exhaustion and depersonalization dimension of MBI, while positively correlated with personal achievement.Among the factors, work stability, having guaranteed income, caring for family easily, having life-long high quality medical resources and having lfexible work time were the main factors inlfuencing the nurses＇emotional failure and depersonalization. While having opportunities of learning and promotion, working stability, guaranteed income, work achievement, and professional development influenced personal accomplishment in MBI. Conclusion： Strengthening nurses＇ perception of benefit may help to reduce their job burnout degree. Nurse Managers should pay attention on evaluation and intervention of nurses＇ career beneift, help them feel realistic beneift of professional work. It would be helpful for them to deal with various work stress and job burnout.