农利灵对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性

目的]探讨农用杀菌剂农利灵（vinclozolin）对斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio）的胚胎发育毒性及其机制。方法]采用水浴染毒法，将受精后2h（hours post fertilization，hpf）内的斑马鱼卵分别暴露于浓度为12．5、25、50、100μg／mL的农利灵，作为4个染毒组，同时设置溶剂（DMSO）对照组、10μg／mL睾酮（testosterone）组及10μg／mL睾酮＋50μg／mL农利灵混合组。通过死亡率、孵化时间、发育畸形等指标评价农利灵的胚胎发育毒性。结果]农利灵染毒组的胚胎死亡率分别为52．6％、68．4％、85．0％、100．0％，明显高于溶剂对照组（10．0％），P〈0．01，并呈剂量-效应关系。比较孵化时间，12．5μg／mL农利灵染毒组高于溶剂对照组（t=4．077，P〈0．05）。 10μg／mL睾酮＋50μg／mL农利灵混合组的死亡率为51．2％，低于50μg/mL农利灵染毒组的死亡率85．0％（X^2=6．53，P〈0．05）。此外，在农利灵染毒组观察到脊柱弯曲、心包囊肿等发育畸形，其畸形与睾酮染毒组所观察到的畸形相似。结论]农利灵可延迟斑马鱼的胚胎发育、具有胚胎致死毒性和致畸毒性，其毒性至少有部分是来源于抗雄性激素样作用。

Study on Embryo Toxicity of Vinciozolin in Zebrafish

Objective ] To determine the developmental toxicity of the fungicide vinclozolin on zebrafish （ Brachydanio rerio ）embryos and to explore its mechanism. Methods I The fertilized eggs of zebrafish were exposed to five concentrations of vinclozolin（ 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL ）, respectively. A 10μg/mL of testosterone exposure group and a 10 μg/mL testosterone plus 50μg/mL vinclozolin exposure group were also set. Results ] The embryo mortality in vinclozolin exposure groups appeared dose-dependent manner, and they were significant higher than that in solvent control（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The embryo mortality in 10 μg/mL testosterone plus 50 μg/mL vinclozolin exposure group was significant lower than that in 50 μg/mL vinclozolin exposure group（X^2=6.53, P 〈 0.05 ）. It suggested that testosterone could partially resist to toxicity of vinclozolin. Hatching time of 12.5 μg/mL vinclozolin group was significantly longer than that in solvent control（ t=4.077, P = 0.003 ）, suggesting that vinclozolin can delay development of zebrafish embryos. Spinal flection abnormalities and pericardial edema of larvae were found in vinclozolin exposure group. It was similar with that of testosterone exposure group. It suggested that mechanism of causing these abnormalities in vinclozolin and testosterone exposure might be similar. Conclusion ] Vinclozolin can delay embryonic development and even cause embryonic lethality and can induce abnormality in zebrafish. These toxicities may be partially caused by its antiandrogenic effects at least.