催眠药扎来普隆、三唑仑、唑吡坦和佐匹克隆对认知操作能力影响的比较

目的 比较催眠药扎来普隆、三唑仑、唑吡坦和佐匹克隆对正常人认知操作能力的影响.方法 8名健康青年男性志愿者,在5次试验（每次间隔1周）中交叉服用扎来普隆10 mg、三唑仑0.25 mg、唑吡坦10 mg、佐匹克隆7.5 mg和安慰剂,采用随机双盲设计给药,分别在服药前4 h、服药后1、2、3、4、6、8、10 h各完成1次认知能力测试,同时观察药物不良反应.测试内容包括：①单双重任务能力（包括计算机控制的4数连加、心理运动能力及二者复合的双重任务）;②光刺激反应时及运动时;③临界闪光融合频率.用重复测量的方差分析比较不同药物和用药后不同时间认知能力的差别.结果 与安慰剂相比,扎来普隆对各项指标无明显不良影响;三唑仑使心理运动能力和临界闪光融合频率下降;唑吡坦和佐匹克隆明显降低心理运动能力、双重任务保持率和临界闪光融合频率.此外,佐匹克隆还显著降低双重任务正确率.用药后约6 h各组的认知能力恢复正常.结论 基于认知操作能力的影响评价,扎来普隆是4种短效催眠药中最安全的药物.

Comparison of the effects of zaleplon, triazolam, zolpidem and zopiclone on the ability of cognitive performance

Objective To evaluate the effects of zaleplon, triazolam,zolpidem and zopiclone on the ability of cognitive performance. Methods Eight male healthy young volunteers served as subjects. They underwent 5 tests. once a week. Testing of cognitive performance was conducted 4 h before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 h after administration of a single dose of zalelpon 10 mg. triazolam 0. 25 mg,zolpidem 10 mg,zopiclone 7. 5 mg or placebo. Double blind corss over design was adopted. Analysis of variance of repeated measurements was used to assess the differences of effect of these hypnotics on cognitive performance. Results Compared with those of placebo group, all indexes of cognitive performance of zaleplon did not changed significantly at all time points after ingestion of drug; while ability of psychomotor performance and CFF were lowered in triazolam group. In zolpidem and zopiclone groups, the keeping rate of dual tasks was reduced obviously in addition. The ability of cognitive performance restored to normal 6 h after drug ingestion. Conclusion Based on the effetcts on the ability of cognitive performance, zaleplon is the safest among the four short-acting hypnotics.