健康教育模式对汽车制造业噪声作业工人知信行干预效果研究

目的 评价健康教育模式对噪声作业工人噪声性听力损失(noise induced hearing loss,NIHL)及防护知识、信念、行为的干预效果,为制定NIHL防护策略提供科学依据. 方法 采用整群抽样方法,选取广州市3家汽车制造企业中3 900名噪声作业的工人为研究对象,将研究对象随机分为对管理人员开展健康教育的...

Intervention effect of health education mode on knowledge,attitude and practice of noise-exposed workers in automobile manufacturing industry

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of health education mode on noise induced hearing loss(NIHL)and prevention-related knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of noise-exposed workers,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating NIHL prevention strategy.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 3,900 noise-exposed workers from 3 automobile manufacture enterprises in Guangzhou City to serve as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into the health education group for managers(n=1,300),the health education group for workers(n=1,300)and the control group without any intervention measures(n=1,300).Occupational health monitoring system and a self-designed questionnaire were used to survey and analyze NIHL and changes of KAP of the participants in the three groups and occupational health management of the enterprises before and after the intervention.Results A total of 3,900 questionnaires were distributed,and 3,825 participants(including 1,280 managers,1,288 workers and 1,257 controls)completed the intervention.Before and after the intervention,no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of NIHL in each group as well as among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with before the intervention in the health education group for managers,the noise-exposed workers’awareness rate of knowledge about the necessary occupational health examination before posts increased from 97.7%to 99.5%,the holding rate of attitude towards NIHL prevention through correct wearing protective equipment increased from 97.3%to 98.9%,and the holding rate of behavior regarding wearing protective equipment in the whole process increased from 79.1%to 83.0%.As for the health education group for workers,the awareness rate of knowledge about there was no therapy for NIHL and prevention as the best method increased from 92.2%to 96.0%,and the holding rates of NIHL prevention through correctly wearing protective equipment and wearing protective equipment in the whole process increased the most.After the intervention in the health education group for managers,the holding rates of six items were all significantly increased(P<0.05),including the provision of qualified protective equipment,regular training of health knowledge,implementation of job rotation system,isolation of noise sources,provision of quiet rest place,maintenance and lubrication of machinery and equipment(P<0.05).Conclusions After the intervention,the awareness levels of NIHL prevention knowledge,attitude and behavior of the noise-exposed workers are significantly improved,and the health education mode based on different subjects is an effective intervention mode,which plays a positive role in making workplace environment better and improving health knowledge,attitude and behavior of the enterprise workers.