影响严重创伤合并急性肺损伤的患者病死率危险因素分析

目的 研究影响严重创伤合并急性肺损伤患者病死率的潜在危险因素.方法 这是一项以严重创伤作为唯一原因收治急诊科和急诊监护室患者的回顾性病例对照研究,通过单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析法对18个潜在影响严重创伤病死率的危险因素进行分析.结果 有343例严重创伤合并创伤后急性肺损伤患者收治于急诊科和急诊监护室,分析得出五个影响急性肺损伤病死率的危险因素是:(1)急性生理和慢性健康状况评分(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,A-PACHE)Ⅱ评分,(2)创伤持续时间,(3)年龄,(4)胃肠返流,和(5)弥散性血管内凝血(disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC),亦发现这些特定的危险因素对不同的分层患者人群具有不同的影响程度.结论 APACHEⅡ评分和胃肠返流对急性肺损伤病死率的影响在创伤后的早期阶段.值得注意的是创伤持续时间和DIC对急性肺损伤的进展和病死率既有短期影响,又有远期影响.老龄患者(大于65岁)由于继发脓毒症和肺功能的恶化仍旧是影响病死率的独立危险因素.具备以上危险因素的患者应尽可能早的接受积极的支持治疗以阻止病情的恶化.

Analysis of clinical risk factors associated with mortality of severe trauma patients with acute lung injury

Objective To identify the potential risk factors affecting mortality rate of ALl in severe trauma population. Method It was a retrospective cohort study treating trauma as a single cause for emergency depart-ment (ED)) and emergency intensive care unit (EICU) admissions. Eighteen potential risk factors affecting the mortality of ALI were examined by univariate and multivariate logistic analyses in these severe trauma patients. Re-sults There were 343 severe trauma patients with post-traumatic ALI admitted to ED and EICU the Second Affili-ated Hospital Medical College,Zhejiang University,during the study period. The five risk factors that affected the mortality with unadjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were (1) APACHE Ⅱ score, (2)duration of trauma, (3) age, (4) aspiration of gastric contents, and (5) DIC. Specific risk factors also affected different patients subpepulations at different degrees. Conclusions Factors of APACHE Ⅱ score and aspiration of gastric contents that can predict the mortality of ALl may exist in the early stage of trauma. Duration of trauma and DIC that greatly affect the short- and long-term development of ALI deserve special attention. Elderly patients (aged beyond 65 years) are the independent risk factor for the secondary sepsis and deterioration of pulmonary function. Patients with these risk factors need aggressive supportive care as early as possible in order to prevent fur-ther aggravation.