纯钛种植体表面抗菌改性的研究进展

纯钛种植体部分暴露于口腔中，在种植体植入、愈合和行使功能的各环节中，种植体周组织均存在着被细菌感染的危险。细菌附着在种植体上会影响新生骨的生长，导致支持骨的丧失，从而降低骨一种植体界面的机械稳定性，这是种植体失败的主要原因之一。因此控制种植体表面细菌聚集和粘附，对于预防和治疗种植体周感染具有重要意义。本文就纯钛种植体表面抗菌改性的研究进展作一综述。

Current Evolution of Antibacterial Surface Modifications to Titanium

The pathogenesis of biomaterial-related infection is peculiar. Some factors, such as the presence of a stable and sheltering surface of the device, the local damage of the tissues when the devices are implanted, the impairment of neutrophil granulocyte function, and finally, the systemic general condition of the patient have to be carefully considered, because the presence of a systemic condition can increase the risk of developing infections. The inflammatory reaction of the tissues subsequent to surgical trauma is a major pathogenic factor in biomaterial infection development. Molecule exposure or secretion constitutes an optimal environment for bacteria adhesion and biofilm growth. Many strategies have been developed to prevent or reduce bacteria contamination in biomaterials. These include morphological modifications, such as appropriate polishing, reduction in concavity on the surfaces, or modification of physical properties such as surface-free energy. These can be done with different technologies, including ion implantation, plasma treatment, and so on. Chemical modification of the surface could be obtained with the same techniques. Antimicrobial effects due to antifouling molecule grafting or adhesion inhibitors are also proposed.