对疑为眼内炎患者房水玻璃体细菌培养结果的临床分析

目的 探讨眼内炎患者房水玻璃体培养细菌菌属的分布特点及其变化规律。 方法 对10年（1989～1998）间培养的522份眼内炎患者的房水玻璃体标本革兰氏染色，培养阳性细菌菌属分布及其变化规律进行回顾性分析。 结果 细菌培养标本522份（房水261份，玻璃体261份），培养阳性菌共119株（房水44株，玻璃体75株），平均培养阳性率为22.8%（房水阳性率为16.9%,玻璃体阳性率为28.7%）。培养阳性菌中，革兰氏阳性（G+）球菌54株占45.4%，G+杆菌24株，占20.2%，革兰氏阴性（G-）杆菌41株占34.5%。肠杆菌科比例最高占18.5%，其次为微球菌占16%，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占12.6%，假单胞属占10.9%。前后5年的比较结果显示，G+球菌的百分比变化不大，G+杆菌下降了13.9%，G-杆菌阳性增长了11.7%。 结论 G+球菌与G-杆菌仍是导致细菌性眼内炎主要菌属，后者比例近5年升高，这些变化应在临床诊治细菌性眼内炎时引起注意。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 104-105)

The clinical analysis on bacterial isolates from the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of patients with suspected endophthalmitis

Objective To review the distribution and shifting trends of cultured bacteria from the aqueous humor and the vitreous body. Methods A retrospective analysis on distribution of Gram′s stain, the distribution and change of isolates was performed in 522 specimens (aqueous humor,261 and vitreous body,261) of patients with suspected endophthalmitis during a 10-year period (1989-1998). Results The positive cultures were 119 (aqueous humor,44 and vitreous body,75) of 522 specimens. The average positive rate was 22.8%. Gram-positive cocci constituting 45.4%(54) of total isolates followed by Gram-negative bacilli,34.5%(41);Gram-positive bacilli, 20.2%(24). In the positive bacterial cultures, enterobacteriaceae was the most common isolate, 18.5%, and the next was micrococcus, 16.0%; coagulase-negative staphylococcus,12.6%; and pseudomonas,10.9%.Comparing the data from 1989 through 1993 with the data from 1994 through 1998, the frequency of Gram-positive cocci had no significant change, while the frequency of Gram-positive bacilli was decreased and the percentage of Gram′s-negative bacilli was increased. Conclusions Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant pathogens of bacterial endophthalmitis. The percentage of Gram′s-negative bacilli has increased for 5 years. It is very important to comprehend the distribution and shifting trends of these pathogenic bacteria for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 104-105)