大麻素1型受体正电子发射断层显像在神经精神疾病中的应用进展

大麻素1型受体（CB1R）作为内源性大麻素系统的主要成员，是中枢神经系统表达最丰富的受体之一。CB1R主要分布在突触前神经元的轴突末梢，参与神经元兴奋性及突触可塑性调节，在多种神经精神疾病的致病机制中发挥着重要作用。近年来CB1R放射性配体的不断研发及正电子发射断层成像（PET）等分子影像技术的日渐成熟，有助于实现CB1R在中枢神经系统中表达与分布的在体可视化。目前，CB1R PET显像可以有效评估亨廷顿病及精神分裂症等神经精神疾病患者体内的CB1R水平变化及其与病情严重程度之间的联系，从而为神经精神疾病诊治提供新的见解。本文就CB1R PET显像在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、精神分裂症、创伤后应激障碍、大麻使用障碍及抑郁症中的应用进展进行综述。

Progress on the application of positron emission tomography imaging of cannabinoid type 1 receptor in neuropsychiatric diseases

Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), as the major member of the endocannabinoid system, is among the most abundant receptors expressed in the central nervous system. CB1R is mainly located on the axon terminals of presynaptic neurons and participate in the modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric diseases. In recent years, the consistent development of CB1R radioligands and the maturity of molecular imaging techniques, particularly positron emission tomography (PET) may help to visualize the expression and distribution of CB1R in central nervous system in vivo. At present, CB1R PET imaging can effectively evaluate the changes of CB1R levels in neuropsychiatric diseases such as Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia, and its correlation with the disease severity, therefore providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. This article reviews the application of CB1R PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, cannabis use disorder and depression.