低碳水化合物高营养密度膳食对肥胖儿童青少年的减重效果及糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨低碳水化合物高营养密度膳食对肥胖儿童青少年的减重效果及糖脂代谢的影响。 方法选取2020年6月至2021年6月惠州市中心人民医院肥胖门诊及营养门诊的肥胖儿童青少年（7~18岁）37例作为研究组，选取同期22例肥胖儿童青少年作为对照组，对照组采用平衡膳食及生活方式、运动宣教干预，研究组在生活方式、运动宣教干预的基础上，采用低碳水化合物高营养密度膳食干预，共干预8周，比较两组干预前后BMI、腰臀比、身体成分分析数据以及代谢指标水平。 结果两组患者干预前的BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、体脂率、内脏脂肪面积对比差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），在干预8周后，研究组的BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、体脂率和内脏脂肪面积显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预前两组的空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2 h胰岛素（2hINS）、血尿酸（UA）、血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），干预8周后研究组的FPG、2hPG、FINS、2hINS、UA、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著低于干预前，且显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论低碳水化合物高营养密度膳食短期内可以有效使肥胖儿童青少年减重，减少体脂率和内脏脂肪面积，改善其糖脂代谢。

The effect of low-carbohydrate and high-nutrient-density diet on weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of low-carbohydrate high-nutrient density diet on weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents. MethodsThirty-seven obese children and adolescents in our hospital's obesity clinic and nutrition clinic (7-18 years old) from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research group, and 22 obese children and adolescents during the same period were selected as the control group. The control group adopted a balanced diet. On the basis of lifestyle and sports education interventions, the research group adopted low-carbohydrate and high-nutrient-density dietary interventions for a total of 8 weeks. The two groups were compared before and after the intervention. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body composition analysis Data and metabolic indicators levels. ResultsThere was no significant difference in BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After 8 weeks of intervention, the BMI and waist circumference of the study group , hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage and visceral fat area were significantly lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and postprandial blood glucose of the two groups before intervention There was no significant difference in 2 hours insulin, blood uric acid (UA), serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P>0.05). After 8 weeks of intervention, the study group's fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, postprandial The levels of insulin, UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C at 2 hours were significantly lower than before the intervention, and significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe low-carbohydrate and high-nutrient-density diet can effectively reduce the weight of obese children and adolescents in a short period of time, reduce body fat percentage and visceral fat area, and improve their glucose and lipid metabolism.