盐城市儿童青少年视力不良状况与屈光检测分析

目的 了解盐城市5～17岁儿童青少年视力不良与屈光不正状况,为近视的评估和预防提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,兼顾农村和城市、小学和中学,随机抽取4 330名在校学生进行视力检查和屈光检测。结果 盐城市2018年儿童青少年视力不良率、近视率分别为69.15%、59.98%。女生视力不良率(72.13%)高于男生(66.46%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.269,P<0.001)。城市学生视力不良率(68.63%)与农村学生(69.74%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.621,P=0.430)。不同性别、不同地区儿童青少年近视率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),女生近视率(62.71%)高于男生(57.52%),城市学生近视率(62.56%)高于农村学生(56.98%)。学生视力不良率和近视率均随着学段升高而增加,近视占视力不良比例也随学段升高而增加,近视率增长幅度最大的年龄段为8～11岁。结论 盐城市中小学生视力不良率与近视率仍处于一个较高的水平,应采取综合干预措施进行防控,逐步降低视力不良与近视的发生,保障儿童青少年视力健康。

Analysis of poor eyesight and refractive measurement of children and adolescents in Yancheng City

Objective To investigate the condition of poor eyesight and refractive errors of children and adolescents aged 5-17 years in Yancheng City for providing a scientific evidence for the evaluation and prevention of myopia. Methods By using the stratified cluster sampling method, 4 330 primary and middle school students in rural and urban areas were randomly sampled and they received the vision examination and refractive measurement. Results In 2018, the rates of poor eyesight and myopia among the children and adolescents were 69.15% and 59.98% respectively. The poor eyesight rate among the girls (72.13%) was higher than that among the boys (66.46%), and the significant difference was found (χ2=16.269, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the poor eyesight rate between the urban students (68.63%) and rural students (69.74%) (χ2=0.621, P=0.430). The myopia rates of children and adolescents in different genders and regions were different, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.001). The myopia rate of the girls (62.71%) was higher than that of the boys (57.52%), and the myopia rate of the urban students (62.56%) was higher than that of the rural students (56.98%). The poor eyesight rate, myopia rate and the proportion of myopia in poor eyesight increased with the increase of learning stage. The age stage with the largest increase in myopia rate was 8-11 years old. Conclusion The rates of poor eyesight and myopia of primary and middle school students are still at a high level in Yancheng City. Therefore, the comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to prevent, control and reduce the occurrence of poor eyesight and myopia, in order to ensure the visual health of children and adolescents.