局部进展期低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗初步临床观察

目的 探讨局部进展期低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效。方法 回顾分析2014-2018年间入组的46例局部进展期低位直肠癌患者,肿瘤下缘距肛缘6cm内。术前放疗采用SIB-IMRT技术,直肠肿瘤及阳性淋巴结照射58.75Gy分25次(2.35 Gy/次),盆腔淋巴引流区照射50Gy分25次(2.0 Gy/次),同步口服卡培他滨进行化疗。放化疗结束后间隔6~12周行直肠癌根治术。Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存(OS)、无瘤生存(DFS)、无进展生存(PFS),无局部复发生存(LRFS)、无转移生存(MFS)。单因素分析用log-rank法检验,多因素分析用Cox回归模型。结果 中位随访时间为47个月,局部复发3例,远处转移6例,ypCR率为26%(12/46),保肛手术率为74%(34/46),R0切除率为100%(44/44),TN总降期率为87%(40/46),术后并发症发生率为13%(6/46)。3年OS、DFS、PFS分别为93%、91%、87%。单因素分析显示ypN分期是影响OS、DFS、PFS、LRFS、MFS的重要因素(均P<0.05),多因素分析显示ypN分期与DFS、PFS、LRFS、MFS均显著相关(均P<0.05)。 结论 局部进展期低位直肠癌患者行术前SIB-IMRT 58.75 Gy分25次联合卡培他滨化疗方案安全可行,提高了ypCR率及生活质量,不良反应可耐受,长期生存是否获益有待进一步深入研究。

Preliminary clinical observation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for low and locally advanced rectal cancer

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for low and locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods Clinical data of 46 patients with low rectal tumors located within 6 cm from the edge of anal admitted to our hospital between February 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. SIB-IMRT technique was adopted for preoperative radiotherapy. Rectal tumors and positive lymph nodes were irradiated with a dose of 58.75 Gy in 25 fractions (2.35 Gy/fraction), and pelvic lymphatic drainage area was given with 50 Gy in 25 fractions (2.0 Gy/fraction). Oral administration of capecitabine was delivered for concurrent chemotherapy. Radical surgery for rectal cancer was performed at 6 to 12 weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy. The overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were calculated by using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was conducted by log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox’s regression model. Results After a median follow-up of 47 months, local recurrence occurred in 3 patients and distant metastasis in 6 patients. The ypCR rate was 26%(12/46), the sphincter-preservation rate was 74%(34/46), the R0 resection rate was 100%(44/44), the overall tumor response TN down staging rate was 87%(40/46), and the postoperative complication rate was 13%(6/46). The 3-year OS, DFS, and PFS were 93%,91% and 87%, respectively. In univariate analysis, ypN staging was an important factor affecting OS, DFS, PFS, LRFS and MFS (all P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, ypN staging was significantly correlated with DFS, PFS, LRFS and MFS (all P<0.05). Conclusions Preoperative SIB-IMRT 58.75 Gy in 25 fractions combined with capecitabine chemotherapy is a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with low and locally advanced rectal cancer, which improves the ypCR rate and quality of life, and yields tolerable adverse reactions. Nevertheless, the long-term survival benefits remain to be validated.