Anatomic Bladder Neck Preservation During Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Description of Technique and Outcomes

Background

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has been rapidly adopted despite a daunting learning curve with bladder neck dissection as a challenging step for newcomers.

Objective

To describe an anatomic, reproducible technique of bladder neck preservation (BNP) and associated perioperative and long-term outcomes.

Design, settings, and participants

From September 2005 to May 2009, data from 619 consecutive RALP were prospectively collected and compared on the basis of bladder neck dissection technique with 348 BNP and 271 standard technique (ST).

Surgical procedure

RALP with BNP.

Measurements

Tumor characteristics, perioperative complications, and post-operative urinary control were evaluated at 4, 12 and 24 months using (1) the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index (EPIC) urinary function scale scored from 0–100; and (2) continence defined as zero pads per day.

Results and limitations

Mean age for BNP versus ST was 57.1 ± 6.6 yr versus 58.9 ± 6.7 yr (p = 0.033), while complication rates did not vary significantly by technique. Estimated blood loss was 183.7 ± 95.8 ml versus 224.6 ± 108 ml (p = 0.938) in men who underwent BNP versus ST. The overall positive margin rate was 12.8%, which did not differ at the prostate base for BNP versus ST (1.4% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.547). Mean urinary function scores for BNP versus ST at 4, 12, and 24 mo were 64.6 versus 57.2 (p = 0.037), 80.6 versus 79.0 (p = 0.495), and 94.1 versus 86.8 (p < 0.001). Similarly, BNP versus ST continence rates at 4, 12, and 24 mo were 65.6% versus 26.5% (p < 0.001), 86.4% versus 81.4% (p = 0.303), and 100% versus 96.1% (p = 0.308).

Conclusions

BNP versus ST is associated with quicker recovery of urinary function and similar cancer control.