糖尿病与膳食模式的相关性分析

目的分析并探索膳食模式与糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患病风险间的相关关系,为预防DM的发生、制定有针对性的饮食治疗宣传教育工作提供科学的理论依据。方法抽取西安市某社区2015年1月至2016年1月期间就诊的患者,通过问卷调查获得研究对象的一般情况、膳食摄入和体格指标,通过因子分析提取膳食模式并利用Logistic回归分析膳食模式、年龄、家庭收入等与DM患病风险间的关系。结果本次研究共纳入研究对象300例,其中DM患者127例。经因子分析提取出"动物膳食模式""均衡膳食模式""小吃粮谷模式""乳类内脏模式"共4种膳食模式。与其他膳食模式相比,"均衡膳食模式"可降低DM的患病风险;与无固定职业者相比,脑力劳动者DM患病风险增加;收缩压、腰围越大,DM的患病风险越高。结论 "均衡膳食模式"可降低DM患病风险;脑力劳动、高收缩压、腰围过大是DM罹患的危险因素。因此,养成健康的饮食习惯、减少静坐时间、控制血压、积极参与体育锻炼对预防DM的发生具有重要意义。

A study on the correlation between diabetes and dietary patterns

Objective To explore the association between dietary patterns and diabetes, in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention of diabetes.Methods Patients treated in a community health service center during Jan.2015 and Jan.2016 were randomly selected.The information of participants` socio-demographic status, food intakes and physical indicators were collected via questionnaires.The dietary patterns were analyzed with factor analysis.The influencing factors were analyzed with Logistic regression.Results A total of 300 individuals, including 127 diabetic patients were enrolled.Four dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis, including animal dietary pattern, balanced dietary pattern, snack-grain pattern, and dairy-visceral pattern.Compared with other dietary patterns, balanced dietary pattern had a negative correlation with diabetes risk.Mental workers had a higher risk of diabetes compared with people who did not have a stable job.Systolic blood pressure and waist circumference had a positive association with the risk of diabetes.Conclusion Balanced dietary pattern has a negative correlation with diabetes risk, while mental work, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference have a positive correlation.Therefore, a healthy life style, including balanced dietary pattern, reduced sedentary time, and increased physical exercise, is to be developed in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetes.