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Non-typhoid Salmonella septicemia and visceral leishmaniasis in a renal transplant patient
Authors:Hussein M M  Mooij J M  Roujouleh H M  Hamour O A  Felemban H
Affiliation:Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: We report on a renal transplant patient with recurrent attacks of fever, in which Salmonella septicemia as well as visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. PATIENT: The patient was a 62-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and a living related kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Nearly 2 years after the transplantation, the patient developed recurrent attacks of fever, which were initially diagnosed as non-typhoid salmonellosis and improved after treatment. Three months later, he had relapses of fever. As the patient developed pancytopenia, a bone marrow aspiration was done, showing Leishmania parasites. The patient responded well to treatment with sodium stibogluconate. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion, together with better diagnostic assays to detect visceral leishmaniasis, is warranted in the diagnostic work-up of any fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients, especially in endemic areas.
Keywords:
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