Affiliation: | 1. UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK;2. Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate HG3 1PY, UK;3. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, USA;4. Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd, Occold, Eye, Suffolk IP23 7PX, UK;5. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;6. Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA;g Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;h Infinity Pharmaceuticals, 780 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;i Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;j Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13353 Berlin, Germany;k Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Tranent, Edinburgh EH33 2NE, UK;l Merck, 770 Sumneytown Pike, Mailstop WP45-201, West Point, PA 19486, USA;m MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK;n Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Traisengasse 5, 1200 Vienna, Austria;o Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland;p Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH – 4070 Basel, Switzerland;q Celgene, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA;r AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany;s Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark;t Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd, Alconbury, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE28 4HS, UK;u University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland;v Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, 455 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA;w Board member, NC3Rs, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK;x AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK;y Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Agency for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany;z Allergan, Drug Safety Evaluation, 2525 Dupont Dr, RD-2A, Irvine, CA 92612-1599, USA;aa iMED, UL, University of Lisbon, Portugal;ab Millenium: The Takeda Oncology Company, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA, USA;ac GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK;ad Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium;ae Medicines Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK |