居室空气中挥发性有机物与氨的联合毒性

目的探讨居室装修后几种主要的挥发性有机物与氨的联合毒性。方法根据现场45间新装修居室检测所得甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、氨浓度的中位数换算成平均质量百分比,再用分析纯品配制成混合物。分别以3.93、8.47、18.24、39.35g/m3混合物剂量进行昆明种小鼠急性毒性实验,分别以高剂量:3.935g/m3、中剂量:1.970g/m3、低剂量:0.393g/m3进行昆明种小鼠亚急性毒性实验。结果混合物小鼠LC50为26.84g/m3。亚急性毒性实验中,雌性小鼠染毒各剂量组网织红细胞计数,中剂量组红细胞比积(HCT),雌、雄性小鼠高剂量组血清血小板计数(PLT)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。雌性小鼠高剂量组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)显著高于对照组。病理学检查发现混合物染毒各剂量组小鼠均可见心内膜下浅层不同程度脂肪变性,肺组织有不同程度淤血,随剂量增加,病变加重;高剂量组小鼠可见肝细胞轻度脂肪变性。结论该混合物对小鼠血液系统、肝脏、心脏以及肺脏有损害作用,雌性小鼠较为敏感,网织红细胞计数可以作为其机体毒性的敏感性损伤变化指标。

Combined Toxicity of Volatile Organic Compounds and Ammonia in Indoor Air

Objective To explore the combined toxicity of dominant volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and ammonia in indoor air of newly decorated rooms.Methods The gaseous mixture of several main components of VOCs and ammonia was prepared using their pure chemical reagents based on the percentage of mass proportion to each pollutant calculated by the medians of concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,ethylbenzene and ammonia obtained from the in situ monitoring data on indoor air of 45 newly decorated apartments.The Kunming mice were exposed to the prepared gaseous mixture at doses of 3.93,8.47,18.24 and 39.35 g/m3 for acute toxicity test,and at doses of 3.935 g/m3(higher dose),1.970 g/m3(middle dose)and 0.393 g/m3(lower dose)for sub-acute toxicity test respectively.Results The LC50 of the prepared gaseous mixture was 26.84 g/m3 for Kunming mice.The sub-acute toxicity test showed that the lower levels of reticulocyte count of female mice in each dose group,the lower level of HCT of female mice dose group,the lower levels of PLT in serum of female and male mice in higher dose group,higher activity of ALT in serum of female mice in higher dose group showed significant differences compared with those of controls (P<0.05).The pathological examination showed fatty degeneration under endocatdium and blood sludging in lung tissue in a certain degree,which deteriorated gradully with the increases of exposure doses of gaseous mixture.Light fatty degeneration was found in liver cells of mice in higher dose group.Conclusion The mixture gaseous mixture prepared in this studshowed adverse effects on blood,liver,heart and lung of mice,especially sensitive for female mice.Reticulocute count could be used as a sensitive index reflecting the damage induced by the toxicity of air mixture.