中国甲状腺癌的流行现状和影响因素

近30年，全球甲状腺癌发病率逐年上升，中国甲状腺癌发病率亦呈上升趋势。2012年中国新发病例数和死亡数已占全球15.6%和13.8%；国内甲状腺癌发病率在东部最高而中部最低，城市高于农村，女性高于男性，中年人群高发。电离辐射、碘摄入量、雌激素与遗传因素是甲状腺癌的危险因素。通过核事故服用碘化钾、减少医疗辐射暴露、完善地区碘监测系统及建立适宜碘盐标准来预防甲状腺癌发生。

Distribution and risk factors of thyroid cancer in China

Incidence of thyroid cancer has continuously increased in the last three decades globally. A similar trend of thyroid cancer incidence appeared in China. New cases and deaths of thyroid cancer in China accounted for 15.6% and 13.8% of the global new cases and deaths in 2012. The incidence in East China was the highest while that in Middle China was the lowest. Thyroid cancer was more common in urban areas than in rural counterparts. The incidence was substantially higher in female patients than male. Thyroid cancer occurred most commonly in middle age. Radiation exposure, iodine suffciency or deifciency, sex hormone and genetic mutations were risk factors for thyroid cancer. To prevent it, potassium iodide should be taken to prevent radiation fallout in nuclear accidents, unnecessary exposure to radiation from medical imaging is reduced, iodine surveillance system is improved and appropriate standards for iodized salt are established.