大学生压力适应与心理困扰的关系研究

目的探讨大学生在压力适应中的心理状况和对自我和谐感的影响。方法采用自制大学生压力源情况调查表,症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)对大学1～4年级的551名大学生进行了测查。结果在担心未来、学业、情感、家庭状况、个人能力满意度5个方面是目前在校大学生压力感体验最显著和集中的方面;学生党员、农村生源压力程度更高(P=0.023,0.039);在校大学生压力程度越高心理症状相关性越显著,最显著的为抑郁、强迫、焦虑、人际敏感症状(r=0.377,0.347,0.324,0.325;P0.001);阳性症状因子发生率排在前4的是强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑(36.2%、19.8%、17.5%、13.1%);随着压力感增大,大学生个体自我与经验的不和谐更容易出现问题或偏差(r=0.378,P0.001)。结论高校大学生压力源有其时代特征,压力带来的症状对大学生情绪、行为、人际关系、和对自我的苛刻要求,是大学生在适应压力中体验最集中的方面。需要针对问题建立相应的应对策略与工作机制。

Study on the Relationship between the Stress Adaptability and Psychological Distress of Academicians

Objective To explore the psychological state and the impact of the sense of self-harmony in the stress adaptability of academicians.Methods With self-made questionnaire of stressor source of academicians,Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90） Self Consistency and Congruence Scale （SCCS）,551 academicans from grade one to four were investigated.Results Anxious about the future,school work,emotion,family condition and the satisfaction of individual ability were the most significant and centralized aspects in the perceived stress of academicians.The stress degree was higher for student party member and rural biogenic （P=0.023,0.039）. The most significant psychological symptoms were depression,obsessive-compulsive,anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity for academicians with higher stressor degree（r=0.377,0.347,0.324,0.325;P0.001）.The prevalence of positive symptoms factor were obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and anxiety（36.2%,19.8%,17.5%,13.1%）. With increasing perceived stress,the inconsistency of self and experience score of academicians was more prone to problems or deviation（r=0.378,P0.001）.Conclusion The stressor source of academicians has its characteristics of the times. Emotion,behavior,interpersonal relationship and strict requirement on oneself,which are from stress are the most centralized aspects in the symptoms of academicians＇ perceived stress. Appropriate response strategy and working mechanisms need to be established aiming at the problems.