北京市妊娠少女避孕知识态度和行为调查分析

目的了解北京市妊娠少女避孕知识、态度和行为现状。方法采用自行设计的避孕知识、态度、行为问卷对2007年4-6月在北京市城区4所妇幼保健院因非意愿妊娠而要求终止妊娠的53名16～19岁少女进行避孕知识、态度和行为调查。结果调查对象对避孕知识掌握在较差水平占70%;避孕态度上,89%的少女认为自己有必要了解避孕知识,但在选择避孕方法的优先性上,考虑应用方便的占67%,不妨碍对方感觉的占13%,认为应确保避孕效果的仅占13%;避孕行为方面,调查对象首次性经历使用避孕措施的占53%,近12个月内坚持每次使用避孕措施的仅占30%,采取的避孕措施多为避孕套。本次妊娠的原因47%由于没有采用避孕措施,47%的少女由于避孕套、体外排精等常规避孕方法失败后未采取补救措施而怀孕,还有6%的少女因为常规避孕失败后服用紧急避孕药失败而受孕。结论仅对少女开展避孕知识教育尚不能改变其行为,需要改善避孕态度,提高对意外妊娠风险和人工流产并发症的认识,促进避孕措施的使用,降低少女妊娠率。

A Survey on the Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior in Contraception among Pregnant Teenagers in Beijing

Objective To explore the knowledge,attitude and behavior in contraception among pregnant teenagers in Beijing.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior in contraception among 53 pregnant teenagers aged 16-19 years in Beijing from April to June 2007.Results 70% had poorer mastery of contraception know-ledge.89% of them considered understanding the knowledge as a need.In selection of contraception methods,67% considered use of conveniently used method and 13% considered the method not affecting the partner＇s feelings and 13% thought to ensure the contraception effect.In behaviors,53% of them took measures for contraception for the first sex experience,and 30% persisted in taking contraception measures in recent 12 months,using condoms in most cases.Their pregnancy for that right time resulted from no taking contraception measures（47%）,and no taking compensative measures even after failure in using condoms or out-of-body spermiation（47%）,and failure in taking medicine for emergent contraception after failure in routine measures of contraception（6%）.Conclusion Education on contraception knowledge is not enough to change their contraception behaviors.We need to increase their recognition of complication risks of unexpected pregnancy and induced abortion to improve their use of contraception methods and lower the pregnancy rate.