2003-2006年北京市HIV抗体检测人群分布及变化趋势

目的分析2003-2006年北京市艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测人群,在5类艾滋病抗体检测机构的分布状况和变化趋势,为制定更加有效的艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2003-2006年北京市艾滋病确证中心实验室的抗体检测数据进行描述性分析,揭示数据背后的流行病学规律。结果疾控系统和监管系统中,HIV抗体筛查阳性样本和确认阳性样本的构成百分比均呈现上升趋势。监管系统的男/女性别比差异最大。确认阳性样本中"<14岁儿童"样本连年均有检出,但构成比呈现逐年下降趋势。排除<14岁年龄组儿童样本后,确认阳性样本的总体平均年龄在32~33岁;普通医院的平均年龄大,而在血液系统和监管系统平均年龄小。国家相关防治策略的实施,使HIV感染者/艾滋病病人从疾控系统和监管系统检出的比例逐年上升,也显示疾控系统和监管系统的工作人员面临艾滋病感染职业暴露的危险。HIV感染者/艾滋病病人男性比例占优势,监管场所尤为突出。结论北京市的艾滋病流行有从高危人群向一般人群扩散的趋势。一部分艾滋病病人由于并发症进入普通医院治疗,临床医生应考虑HIV抗体检测;一部分早期感染者会通过献血途径检测HIV抗体,必须加强血源筛查。

Epidemiological analysis of distribution of population receiving HIV antibody detection and their changing trend from 2003 to 2006 in Beijing

Objective To analyze distribution of population receiving 5 types of HIV antibody detection and their changing trend from 2003 to 2006,and provide evidence for the formulation of strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods The laboratory antibody detection data from 2003 to 2006 in Beijing Municipal CDC for HIV antibody,and analyzed,in order to discover epidemiological characteristics underlying these laboratory data.Results The proportion of positive specimens in both primary screening test and confirmation test from local CDCs(centers for disease control and prevention)and imprisonment locales(ILs)increased from 2003 to 2006 in Beijing.The ratio of male to female was highest in ILs.Positive specimens were annually detected among children under 14 years of age and the proportion decreased year after year.By excluding positive specimens from children under 14 years,average ages of positive specimens in confirmation test were between 32 to 33 years,the majority of whom were the youth.Average ages of positive specimens from common hospitals were high,and were low from ILs and blood centers.Conclusions The proportion of HIV/AIDS detected from local CDCs,ILs and blood centers increased from 2003 to 2006 in Beijing,as a result of effective strategies adopted by the government.It shows that workers in CDCs and ILs face risk to infection through occupational exposure.The majority of infector/patients are males especially in ILs,indicating that male infector/patients are apt to commit crimes.The annual detection of positive specimens among children under 14 years implies an epidemic trend of spreading from the high risk population to the general population.Some AIDS patients are treated for their complications in common hospitals and HIV antibody detection should be considered for them.Since some early HIV infectors receive HIV antibody detection as blood donors,HIV screening should be strengthened in the process of blood donation.