无定形磷酸钙应用在生物医学中的特点

背景：无定形磷酸钙具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性、可控的生物降解速率及水解过程中释碱等特性，是天然的钙磷储存器，在生物医学领域应用广阔。目的：从临床应用及应用特点出发，综述无定形磷酸钙在生物医学中的最新研究进展。方法：应用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库及PubMed数据库1980年1月至2014年6月有关无定形磷酸钙生物材料方面的文献，中文检索词为“无定形磷酸钙、生物材料”，英文检索词为“amorphous calcium phosphate、biomaterials”。结果与结论：无定形磷酸钙目前已被广泛应用于口腔正畸护理、骨替代物、药物递送材料及血管支架中，其中对特殊低分化细胞、细胞因子、药物的靶向运送材料及新型生物可降解冠状动脉支架尚处于研发阶段。目前无定形磷酸钙给人类疾病的治疗方法提供了很多可能，但不能一味地夸大其优点而忽略其不足，如在牙齿防龋方面，其是否会增加牙结石的形成？在骨移植替代物方面，其是否会促进其临近组织钙化或硬化？而在血管支架方面，其是否有致血管钙化或硬化的风险？对于无定形磷酸钙在人体应用方面的利弊，尚需要开展大规模、长时间的研究。

Characteristics of amorphous calcium phosphate in biomedicine

BACKGROUND：With good biocompatibility, bioactivity, control able biodegradation rate, amorphous calcium phosphate is considered as a natural reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, which has been widely used in the biomedical field. OBJECTIVE：To review the latest progress of amorphous calcium phosphate in biomedicine based on its clinical application and characteristics. METHODS：A computer-based search of CNKI, Wanfang database and PubMed database from January 1980 to June 2014 was performed for articles relevant to amorphous calcium phosphate materials with the key words of“amorphous calcium phosphate, biomaterials”in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Amorphous calcium phosphate has been widely used in orthodontic care, bone substitutes, drug delivery material and stents, but it is stil in the developmental stage for the special low differentiated cells, cytokines, targeted drug delivery materials and new biodegradable coronary stent. Based on amorphous calcium phosphate, there are various possible treatments for human diseases. But we cannot blindly exaggerate its advantages but outweigh its disadvantages. For example, whether it wil increase the formation of dental calculus during prevention of dental caries？ Whether it wil promote its adjacent tissue calcification or hardening？ And whether there are risks leading to vascular calcification or hardening？ The advantages and disadvantages of amorphous calcium phosphate when used in human are stil needed to carry out a large scale and long-time research.